工业废液吸收低浓度CO2：可行性及应用

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20211075

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

化工燃料在提供能源过程中产生的低浓度CO₂废气可以被工业废液吸收。结合当前研究现状，介绍了用工业废液吸收低浓度CO₂废气的研究进展，并开展了可行性分析；归纳了CO₂废气与工业废液的反应原理，将其大致分为中和反应、复分解反应、微生物转化等反应类型，并讨论了其吸收动力学；总结了工业废液吸收低浓度CO₂废气的工艺装置与流程。在废液吸收废气的处理模式中，CO₂的吸收对降低碱液的pH、脱除废液中有害物质效果良好，同时还可以副产微纳米碳酸钙、生物柴油等高附加值产品，实现废弃资源的深度循环利用。此外，分析了工业废液吸收CO₂废气的生命周期评价，通过对能耗、碳排放和成本评估，进一步讨论了工业废液吸收CO₂废气对环境的影响及经济可行性。结合CO₂减排的前景，从工业应用的角度探讨了工业废液用作低浓度CO₂吸收剂面临的挑战，并对其未来产业化发展进行了展望。

关键词: 二氧化碳, 吸收, 反应, 废物处理, 废水

Abstract:

The low-concentration CO₂ waste gas produced by the combustion of chemical fuels can be absorbed by industrial waste water. Based on the current research status, this review reports the research progress of CO₂ waste gas uptake with industrial waste water, the feasibility is analyzed. The reaction principle of waste gas with CO₂ and industrial effluents is summarized, which can be roughly divided into three reaction types: neutralization reaction, metathesis reaction, and microbial degradation. Its absorption kinetics is discussed. The equipment and process of industrial waste water absorbing low-concentration CO₂ waste gas are summarized. In this treatment mode, the adsorption of CO₂ has a good effect on reducing the pH of lye and removing harmful substances from the waste water. Meanwhile, it can also obtain products with recycling value, such as micro/nano calcium carbonate and biodiesel, which can be applied to industrial production to realize the deep recycling of waste resources. In addition, the life cycle assessment of CO₂ waste gas absorbed by industrial waste water are analyzed, and further the environmental impact and economic feasibility are analyzed by evaluating energy consumption, carbon emission and cost under specific process conditions. Combining the prospect of CO₂ emission reduction, this review discusses the challenges of using industrial waste water as a low-concentration CO₂ absorbent from the perspective of industrial application, and prospects for its future industrialization development.

Key words: carbon dioxide, absorption, reaction, waste treatment, waste water

中图分类号:

TQ 09

许文娇, 成怀刚, 程芳琴. 工业废液吸收低浓度CO₂：可行性及应用[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(12): 6049-6061.

Wenjiao XU, Huaigang CHENG, Fangqin CHENG. Absorption of low-concentration CO₂ by industrial effluents: feasibility and application[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(12): 6049-6061.

图/表 7

表1 吸收CO2的工业废液分类、主要成分及实例

Table 1 Classification， main components and examples of industrial waste water that can absorb CO2

工业废液				主要成分	实例
		碱性废液	碱液	OH^-	纺织工业的碱性废液^[25] 工业生产1,4-丁二醇脱离子工段碱性废液^[27]
	含钙废液	碱性废液	含钙碱液	OH^-、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺	钢渣堆固废沥滤处理产生的碱性废液^{[15, 17,32]} 工业生产牛皮纸浆产生的含钙污水泥浆^[26] 电厂粉煤灰沥滤废液^[31] 工业固废磷石膏沥滤处理产生工业废液^{[28, 33]} 混凝土工业产生碱性废液^[34] 工业电石渣废液上清液^[35] 皮革厂产生的浸灰泥浆废水^[37] 水泥窑粉尘悬浊废液^[38] 城市垃圾焚烧底灰^[39] 电厂油页岩灰产生的工业废液^[40]
			钙液	Ca²⁺、醇胺吸收剂（外加）	盐业公司生产的工业废液^[29] 海水工业废液^[19-21]
微生物可转化废液			微生物可转化钙液	Ca²⁺、NO $3 -$ 、NO $2 -$ 、NH₃、PO $4 3 -$ 、COD	炼钢厂排放的废水^[43] 制革污水 ^[42] 木浆造纸工业废水^[45]
微生物可转化废液			微生物可转化废液	NO $3 -$ 、NO $2 -$ 、NH₃、PO $4 3 -$ 、COD	炼油污水 ^[44] 地毯厂废水 ^[46] 牛奶加工废水^[47]

表1 吸收CO2的工业废液分类、主要成分及实例

Table 1 Classification， main components and examples of industrial waste water that can absorb CO2

工业废液				主要成分	实例
		碱性废液	碱液	OH^-	纺织工业的碱性废液^[25] 工业生产1,4-丁二醇脱离子工段碱性废液^[27]
	含钙废液	碱性废液	含钙碱液	OH^-、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺	钢渣堆固废沥滤处理产生的碱性废液^{[15, 17,32]} 工业生产牛皮纸浆产生的含钙污水泥浆^[26] 电厂粉煤灰沥滤废液^[31] 工业固废磷石膏沥滤处理产生工业废液^{[28, 33]} 混凝土工业产生碱性废液^[34] 工业电石渣废液上清液^[35] 皮革厂产生的浸灰泥浆废水^[37] 水泥窑粉尘悬浊废液^[38] 城市垃圾焚烧底灰^[39] 电厂油页岩灰产生的工业废液^[40]
			钙液	Ca²⁺、醇胺吸收剂（外加）	盐业公司生产的工业废液^[29] 海水工业废液^[19-21]
微生物可转化废液			微生物可转化钙液	Ca²⁺、NO $3 -$ 、NO $2 -$ 、NH₃、PO $4 3 -$ 、COD	炼钢厂排放的废水^[43] 制革污水 ^[42] 木浆造纸工业废水^[45]
微生物可转化废液			微生物可转化废液	NO $3 -$ 、NO $2 -$ 、NH₃、PO $4 3 -$ 、COD	炼油污水 ^[44] 地毯厂废水 ^[46] 牛奶加工废水^[47]

图1 工业废液吸收低浓度CO2的装置结构示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of device structure for industrial wastewater absorbing low-concentration CO2

图2 膜式微藻光合反应器

Fig.2 Membrane photobioreactor

图 3 CO2处理回用水工艺流程图

Fig.3 Process flow diagram of reused water treatment

图4 地毯厂废水中培养微藻与生产生物燃料产品的工艺流程

Fig.4 The process of cultivating microalgae and producing biofuel products in the waste water of carpet factory

图5 用CO2中和废混凝土回收工艺中富钙碱性废水的工艺流程示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of the process flow of CO2 neutralization of calcium-rich alkaline wastewater in the recycling process of waste concrete

图6 用于生物降解和生物燃料生产的集成微藻培养系统示意图

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of an integrated algal culture system for bioremediation and biofuel production

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工业废液吸收低浓度CO₂：可行性及应用

Absorption of low-concentration CO₂ by industrial effluents: feasibility and application

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