图1 废弃聚苯乙烯转化为非均相酸催化剂用于生物质降解[36]

Fig.1 An acid catalyst from polystyrene waste for reactions of interest in biomass valorization[36](a) schematic illustration of preparation process; (b) utilized into biomass valorization

图2 废弃聚苯乙烯用于超交联多孔材料的制备及其对于二氧化碳的吸附研究[44]

Fig.2 Transform waste expanded polystyrene foam into hyper-crosslinked polymers for carbon dioxide capture and separation[44]

图3 废弃聚苯乙烯用于超交联多孔材料的制备及其对于刚果红的吸附研究[46]

Fig.3 Conversion of post-consumer waste polystyrene into a high value adsorbent and its sorptive properties for congo red removal[46](a) synthetic pathway; (b) N2 adsorption and the corresponding Horvath-Kawazoe pore size distributions

图4 废弃聚苯乙烯在热能存储方面的应用[57]

Fig.4 Use of waste polystyrene in thermal energy storage[57](a) chemical conversion involved in the preparation of waste polystyrene based thermal energy storage materials; (b) schematic illustration for preparation process; (c) scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the obtained material; (d) differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve of phase change materials composite

图5 废弃聚苯乙烯用于多孔碳基空心球的制备及其对于甲基蓝的吸附研究[63]

Fig.5 Hollow spherical sludge chars (HSCs) prepared from sewage sludge and polystyrene foam wastes[63](a) schematic illustration of the preparation process; (b) digital images of samples with different shell thickness; (c) adsorption kinetics of methylene blue onto HSCs under the different conditions; (d) reuse performance of HSCs

图6 以废弃聚苯乙烯为原料制备多孔碳薄片及其在超级电容器方面的应用[65]

Fig.6 From polystyrene waste to porous carbon flake and potential application in supercapacitors[65](a) schematic illustration for preparation process; (b) cyclic voltammetry (CV) and (c) galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) curves of PCF-MnO2; (d) specific capacities of PCF-MnO2 at different current densities; (e) cycling stability of PCF-MnO2 at 10 A/g

图7 以废弃聚苯乙烯为原料制备层级多孔碳材料及其在超级电容器方面的应用[66]

Fig.7 Recycling of waste polystyrene into hierarchical porous carbon nanosheets and potential application in supercapacitors[66](a) schematic illustration for preparation process; (b) CV curves of ACNS-800 tested at 5—200 mV/s; (c) GCD curves of ACNS-800 tested at 0.5-20 A/g; (d) charge-discharge rate performance of ACNS-800; (e) cycling performance at 10 A/g (inset: comparison of the first and the last charging-discharging cycle in cyclic stability test)

图8 以废弃聚苯乙烯为原料经超交联法制备多孔碳材料及其在超级电容器方面的应用[67]

Fig.8 Porous carbon derived from waste polystyrene by hypercrosslinking and application in supercapacitor[67](a) schematic illustration for preparation process; (b) CV curves of porous carbon at 5—100 mV/s; (c) GCD curves of porous carbon at 1—20 A/g; (d) the specific capacitance of porous carbon electrode with different current density and comparison with other carbon materials; (e) Nyquist plot of porous carbon

图9 废弃聚苯乙烯塑料杯在钠离子电池负极方面的应用[68]

Fig.9 Transforming waste polystyrene cups into negative electrode materials for sodium ion batteries[68](a) schematic illustration for preparation process; (b) electro-chemical performance of the obtained materials

图10 将废弃聚苯乙烯转化为多孔碳材料及其在二氧化碳和氢气存储方面的应用[75]

Fig.10 Conversion of mixed plastics into porous carbon nanosheets with high performances in uptake of carbon dioxide and storage of hydrogen[75](a) schematic illustration for preparation process; (b) carbon dioxide and (c) hydrogen adsorption isotherms

图11 以废弃聚苯乙烯为原料经空气化冷凝法制备工业小分子化合物和纳米材料[85]

Fig.11 Vacuum-gasification-condensation of waste toner to produce industrial chemicals and nanomaterials[85](a) schematic illustration for preparation process; (b) pyrolysis route of polystyrene and polyacrylate

图12 葡萄籽和聚苯乙烯共热解制备生物燃料[86]

Fig.12 Drop-in biofuels from co-pyrolysis of grape seeds and polystyrene[86](a) fixed-bed reactor scheme used for determining co-pyrolysis performance; (b) simplified reaction mechanism proposed for the co-pyrolysis of grape seeds and polystyrene