复合改性表面抑制颗粒污垢积聚特性分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20220806

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

换热设备颗粒污垢一般指悬浮在流体中的固体颗粒在换热面上的积聚。开发了一种Ni-P-TiO₂防垢型复合改性表面，并将之用于板式换热器抑制纳米MgO颗粒污垢在换热表面的积聚。基于搭建的板式换热器颗粒污垢热阻动态监测实验系统，研究了不同冷却水流速(0.1~0.3 m/s)、入口温度(30~40℃)及纳米MgO浓度(100~400 mg/L)对Ni-P-TiO₂复合改性换热表面抑垢特性的影响。结果表明，随着流速的增加，污垢热阻渐近值减小了27.85%~34.41%；随着冷却水入口温度的升高，污垢热阻渐近值减小了25.15%~39.14%；随着MgO颗粒浓度的增加，热阻渐近值减小了26.15%~45.36%。结合Ni-P-TiO₂复合改性表面的表面能分析了其表面的抑垢性能，发现制备的Ni-P-TiO₂复合改性表面的表面能与纳米MgO颗粒污垢层的表面能相接近，符合Zhao提出的“最优表面能”抑垢理论。与常规板式换热器不锈钢表面相比，Ni-P-TiO₂复合改性表面不仅抑制了颗粒污垢的积聚，还降低了颗粒污垢的固着强度，使得积聚其上的颗粒污垢更容易被剥离换热表面，实现了换热表面持久高效抑垢。

关键词: 传热, 沉积物, 复合改性表面, 两相流, 抑垢特性

Abstract:

Particle fouling of heat exchange equipment generally refers to the accumulation of solid particles suspended in the fluid on the heat exchange surface. In this research, an anti-fouling Ni-P-TiO₂ composite modified surface was created and applied in a plate heat exchanger to prevent the accumulation of nano-MgO particle fouling on the heat exchange surface. The effects of cooling water flow rate (0.1—0.3 m/s), input temperature (30—40℃), and nano-MgO concentration (100—400 mg/L) on the anti-fouling property of Ni-P-TiO₂ composite modified surface were investigated experimentally. The results showed that the asymptotic values of the nano-MgO particle fouling thermal resistance on the Ni-P-TiO₂ composite modified heat exchanger surface were significantly reduced under all experimental conditions. Compared with the original plate heat exchanger, with the cooling water flow rate increasing (0.1—0.3 m/s), the fouling thermal resistance asymptotic values on Ni-P-TiO₂ composite surface were decreased by 27.85%—34.41%, with the cooling water inlet temperature increasing (30—40℃), the values were decreased by 25.15%—39.14%, and the values were decreased by 26.15%—45.36% with the nano-MgO particle concentration increasing (100-400 mg/L) accordingly. The antifouling property of Ni-P-TiO₂ composite modified surface was analyzed combined with the surface energy, and the surface energy of the created Ni-P-TiO₂ composite modified surface was found to be near to the surface energy of the nano-MgO particle fouling deposition, which agreed to Zhao's "optimal surface energy" anti-fouling theory. Compared with the 316 stainless steel surface, the Ni-P-TiO₂ composite modified surface not only inhibited particle fouling accumulation, but also reduced particle strength of fouling deposition, so that particle fouling deposition was easier to remove from the composite modified surface, which achieved the purpose of enduring and efficient fouling inhibition and mitigation on heat exchange surface.

Key words: heat transfer, deposition, composite modified surface, two-phase flow, anti-fouling property

中图分类号:

TK 124

刘坐东, 王禹晨, 邢维维, 赵波, 徐志明. 复合改性表面抑制颗粒污垢积聚特性分析[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(11): 4928-4937.

Zuodong LIU, Yuchen WANG, Weiwei XING, Bo ZHAO, Zhiming XU. Analysis of composite modified surface inhibiting particle fouling accumulation characteristics[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(11): 4928-4937.

图/表 12

表1 板式换热器的尺寸参数

Table 1 Parameters of plate heat exchanger

材料

板片尺寸/mm

波纹

形式

图1 Ni-P-TiO2复合改性表面微观形貌图

Fig.1 The morphology of Ni-P-TiO2 composite modified surface

表2 换热表面接触角和表面能

Table 2 Contact angle and surface energy of heat exchange surface

表面	接触角θ/(°)			表面能/(mJ/m²)
表面	θ^w	θ^Di	θ^EG	γ^LW	γ^-	γ⁺	γ^TOT
316不锈钢	95.6	25.7	48.5	44.56	2.29	0.81	47.09
Ni-P-TiO₂	98.7	47.6	71.0	35.58	0.66	0.05	35.93

图2 实验系统1—板式换热器;2—低温介质水箱;3—低温介质循环泵;4—旁通阀;5—冷端电磁流量计;6—冷端平衡阀; 7—冷水进口压力表;8—冷水出口压力表;9—空冷水箱;10—散热器;11—空冷循环泵;12—换热扇;13—恒温水箱;14—高温介质循环泵;15—热端电磁流量计;16—热水进口压力表;17—热水出口压力表

Fig.2 Experimental system construction

图3 实验系统稳定性验证

Fig.3 Stability verification of experimental system

图4 换热表面污垢沉积微观形貌

Fig.4 Microstructure of particle fouling on heat exchange surface

图5 不同流速下换热表面污垢热阻对比

Fig.5 Comparison of fouling thermal resistance on heat exchange surfaces at different flow rates

图6 不同流速下两种表面的壁面剪切力变化

Fig.6 Wall shear force changes of the two surfaces at different flow rates

图7 不同流速下两种表面污垢热阻渐近值变化

Fig.7 The asymptotic value of fouling thermal resistance changes at different flow rates

图8 不同温度下316不锈钢板片和Ni-P-TiO2复合改性表面污垢热阻

Fig.8 Comparison of fouling thermal resistance of two heat exchange surfaces at different temperatures

图9 不同MgO颗粒浓度下316不锈钢板片和Ni-P-TiO2复合纳米改性表面污垢热阻

Fig.9 Comparison of fouling thermal resistance on two surfaces with different particle concentration

图10 MgO溶液的浓度为400 mg/L时板片实物图(左边为镀层;右边为光板)

Fig.10 Comparison of final fouling deposition between composite surface (left) and stainless steel plate (right) at MgO concentration of 400 mg/L

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