动力电池双向热管理系统性能分析与优化

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201906

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于工质相变热虹吸效应，提出了动力电池双向热管理系统，通过改变工质充注量，60~220 g时，试验测试了该系统的双向热管理性能，并据此进行系统优化。结果表明：该热管理系统的正常运行有一个最低充注量。系统优化前，加热工况，系统换热功率受充注量的影响小；散热工况，系统的换热功率随充注量的增加而增大，随电池箱初始温度升高而增大，且强制散热效果要优于自然散热；相同充注量，换热板表面的最大温差随电池箱初始温度升高而增大，在3C放电倍率，无法控制电池表面温度低于45℃。系统优化后，圆管换热板系统的换热效果要优于矩形管换热板系统，且在3C放电倍率能将电池表面温度降低至43.4℃，换热板的温度一致性更好。

关键词: 动力电池, 相变热虹吸, 双向热管理, 充注量, 优化, 温度一致性

Abstract:

Based on the phase-change thermosiphon effect of the working fluid, a bidirectional thermal management system for power battery was proposed. By changing the charging amount of the working fluid, the bidirectional thermal management performance of the system was tested at 60—220 g, and the system was optimized accordingly. The results show that there is a minimum charge amount for the normal operation of the thermal management system. Before the optimization of the system, the heating condition and the heat transfer power of the system are less affected by the charging amount. In the heat dissipation condition, the heat transfer power of the system increases with the increase of the charging amount and the initial temperature of the battery box, and the forced heat dissipation effect is better than the natural heat dissipation. With the same charging amount, the maximum temperature difference on the surface of the heat exchange plate increases with the increase of the initial temperature of the battery box. At the discharge rate of 3C, the surface temperature of the battery cannot be controlled below 45℃. After the system optimization, the heat transfer effect of the circular tube heat exchanger plate system is better than that of the rectangular tube heat exchanger plate system, and the surface temperature of the battery can be reduced to 43.4℃ at the 3C discharge rate, and the surface temperature of the heat exchanger plate is more consistent.

Key words: power battery, phase-change thermosiphon, two-way thermal management, charge volume, optimization, temperature uniformity

中图分类号:

TB 61⁺1

梁坤峰, 米国强, 徐红玉, 高春艳, 董彬, 李亚超, 王莫然. 动力电池双向热管理系统性能分析与优化[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(8): 4146-4154.

Kunfeng LIANG, Guoqiang MI, Hongyu XU, Chunyan GAO, Bin DONG, Yachao LI, Moran WANG. Performance analysis and optimization of two-way thermal management system for power battery[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(8): 4146-4154.

图/表 15

表1 电池参数

Table 1 Battery parameters

密度/

(kg/m³)

比热容/

(J/(kg·℃))

额定

容量/

(A·h)

标称

电压/V

内阻/

尺寸/

(mm $× m m × m m$ )

2492

1183.24

3.7

≤ 0.003

115 × 70 × 27

表1 电池参数

Table 1 Battery parameters

密度/

(kg/m³)

比热容/

(J/(kg·℃))

额定

容量/

(A·h)

标称

电压/V

内阻/

尺寸/

(mm $× m m × m m$ )

2492

1183.24

3.7

≤ 0.003

115 × 70 × 27

表2 电池热特性参数

Table 2 Thermal characteristic parameters of battery

放电倍率	放电时间/s	生热速率/W	产热量/J	温升/℃
1C	3868	1.57	6071	9.5
2C	1910	6.15	11743	18.4
3C	1260	13.26	16709	26.2

图1 系统试验结构图1—加热棒;2—气泡泵;3—视液镜;4—调压器;5—风机;6—热线风速仪;7—翅片管式冷凝器;8,9,10—单向阀;11—压力传感器;12—直流稳压电源;13—前换热板;14—导热硅胶片;15—后换热板;16—循环水泵;17—温控部件;18—溶液槽(模拟电池箱);19—数据采集系统;20—上位机

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of experimental system

图2 换热功率随工质充注量的变化

Fig.2 The heat transfer power varies with the charge of working fluid

图3 前换热板的温度、压力变化

Fig.3 Change of temperature and pressure of the front heat exchange plate

图4 不同充注量前换热板四根竖管温度变化曲线

Fig.4 Temperature change curves of the four vertical pipes of the front heat exchange plate at different charge volumes

图5 不同电池箱初始温度系统温度变化

Fig.5 The temperature change of the system at different battery box initial temperatures

图6 系统换热功率随工质充注量的变化

Fig.6 The heat exchange power of the system varies with the refrigerant charge volume

表3 强制散热四根竖管的最大温差

Table 3 The maximum temperature difference of the four vertical pipes with forced cooling

电池箱初始温度/℃	最大温差/℃
电池箱初始温度/℃	60 g	100 g	140 g	180 g	220 g
40	1.7	1.3	1.2	1.9	2.3
50	1.8	1.9	1.9	3.3	3.7
60	2.4	2.2	2.9	4.2	5.1
70	3.3	3.5	4.9	4.6	5.6

图7 电池换热板示意图

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of battery heat exchange plate

图8 优化后系统换热功率变化曲线

Fig.8 System heat transfer power change after optimization

表4 优化后的系统换热功率变化率

Table 4 Optimized system heat exchange power change rate

充注量/g	圆管换热板系统电池箱初温/℃				矩形管换热板系统电池箱初温/℃
充注量/g	40	50	60	70	40	50	60	70
60	45.9%	40.8%	35.3%	28.4%	-26.5%	-53.9%	-56.0%	-57.1%
100	50.9%	24.8%	24.7%	17.9%	-28.1%	-40.2%	-33.6%	-36.3%
140	32.5%	10.0%	-7.7%	-5.4%	-7.0%	-8.5%	-16.1%	-11.1%
180	12.7%	-6.9%	-18.4%	-15.6%	54.8%	8.5%	-4.9%	-5.4%
220	50.3%	9.5%	1.9%	-0.9%	66%	9.0%	1.9%	-5.7%

表5 优化后强制散热四根竖管的最大温差

Table 5 The maximum temperature difference of the four vertical pipes with forced cooling after optimization

初始温度/℃	最大温差/℃
初始温度/℃	60 g	100 g	140 g	180 g	220 g
40	0.8	0.8	1.4	0.9	1.3
50	1.0	1.3	0.9	1.9	1.7
60	1.4	2.2	2.6	1.3	2.1
70	1.9	3.1	2.9	1.5	2.4

图9 圆管换热板系统前换热板四根竖管温度变化

Fig.9 Temperature changes of the four vertical pipes in the front heat exchange plate of circle tube

表6 放电结束电池温度

Table 6 Battery temperature at the end of discharge

放电倍率	电池温度/℃
放电倍率	无散热	原系统	圆管换热板系统
1C	34.5	32.4	31.7
2C	43.4	39.5	37.1
3C	51.2	46.5	43.4

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