羧甲基葡聚糖的快速沉降法阻垢特性研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20211614

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

工业循环冷却水中的碳酸钙污垢一直是困扰工业生产者的重要问题，使用快速沉降法（FCP）研究了不同浓度的羧甲基葡聚糖对于碳酸钙污垢的抑制作用。控制溶液中的钙离子浓度为200 mg/L，羧甲基葡聚糖的浓度分别为0.5、1、2和4 mg/L时，对羧甲基葡聚糖的阻垢性能进行分析。结果表明，羧甲基葡聚糖对于减缓碳酸钙的成核过程有明显效果，此外，它也显著降低了碳酸钙成核后晶体的生长速率。当羧甲基葡聚糖的浓度为4 mg/L时，羧甲基葡聚糖对于碳酸钙的成核及晶面生长起到了完全抑制的作用，对于工业应用中碳酸钙的防垢处理，提升换热效率具有借鉴意义。

关键词: 羧甲基葡聚糖, 结垢, 碳酸钙, 快速沉降法, 传热, 吸附

Abstract:

Calcium carbonate fouling in industrial circulating cooling water is always an important problem for industrial producers. Fouling on the heat transfer surface increases the fouling resistance of heat exchanger and reduces the heat transfer efficiency of heat exchanger. Adding scale inhibitor to circulating cooling water is an effective method to control the fouling of heat exchanger. The inhibition of calcium carbonate fouling by carboxymethyl dextran of different concentrations was studied by fast controlled precipitation(FCP) method. The FCP method is a general method for evaluating scale inhibitors, which is very suitable for the research and control of scale inhibition treatment in heat exchanger. At present, the FCP method is widely used in the evaluation of water quality resources and the measurement of scale inhibition effect of scale inhibitors. By measuring the real-time pH and resistivity in the solution, the fast controlled precipitation method can reflect the inhibition effect of scale inhibitor in the nucleation and growth process of calcium carbonate. The concentration of Ca²⁺ in the solution was 200 mg/L, and the concentration of carboxymethyl dextran was 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/L, respectively. The results show that carboxymethyl dextran has a significant effect on slowing down the nucleation process of calcium carbonate. In addition, it also significantly reduces the growth rate of crystals after calcium carbonate nucleation. When the concentration of Ca²⁺ was 200 mg/L, 4 mg/L carboxymethyl dextran could inhibit the nucleation and crystal growth of CaCO₃. It is of great significance to the anti-scaling of calcium carbonate and the improvement of heat transfer efficiency in industrial application.

Key words: carboxymethyl dextran, scaling, calcium carbonate, fast controlled precipitation, heat transfer, adsorption

中图分类号:

TK 124

张浩, 赵宇, 徐志明, 李晋辉. 羧甲基葡聚糖的快速沉降法阻垢特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(4): 1515-1522.

Hao ZHANG, Yu ZHAO, Zhiming XU, Jinhui LI. Study on scale inhibition characteristics of carboxymethyl dextran by fast controlled precipitation method[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(4): 1515-1522.

图/表 13

图1 碳酸氢钙溶液制备示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of calcium bicarbonate solution preparation

图2 快速沉降法实验装置示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the fast controlled precipitation method experimental device

图3 无阻垢剂添加时pH随时间变化曲线

Fig.3 pH-time curves without scale inhibitor addition

图4 添加羧甲基葡聚糖前后实验溶液pH与时间的关系

Fig.4 pH-time curves of experimental solution before and after adding carboxymethyl dextran

图5 不同浓度的羧甲基葡聚糖对应的pH最高点与时间的关系

Fig.5 Relationship between the highest pH point and time corresponding to different concentrations of carboxymethyl dextran

表1 不同浓度羧甲基葡聚糖对溶液pH及电阻率的影响

Table 1 Effects of different concentrations of carboxymethyl dextran on pH and resistivity of solution

C/( mg/L)	pH	电阻率/(kΩ·cm)
0	6.53	100.12
0.5	6.5	100.24
1	6.48	100.3
2	6.52	100.36
4	6.51	100.48

图6 添加羧甲基葡聚糖前后实验溶液电阻率与时间的关系

Fig. 6 Resistivity-time curves of experimental solution before and after adding carboxymethyl dextran

表2 pH及电阻率曲线显示的成核结束的时间点

Table 2 The time point of the end of nucleation shown by the pH and resistivity curves

C/(mg/L)	时间点/min
C/(mg/L)	pH	电阻率
0	48	46
0.5	59	60
1	65	66
2	87	89
4	—	—

图7 pH及电阻率曲线对应的成核结束时间

Fig.7 Nucleation end time corresponding to pH and resistivity curves

图8 不同阻垢剂浓度的电阻率曲线与时间轴围成的面积

Fig.8 The area enclosed by the resistivity curve and the time axis of different scale inhibitor concentrations

图9 不同浓度阻垢剂对应的阻垢效率

Fig.9 Scale inhibition efficiency of different concentration scale inhibitors

表3 羧甲基葡聚糖的阻垢效率

Table 3 Scale inhibition efficiency of carboxymethyl dextran

羧甲基葡聚糖的浓度 C/(mg/L)	pH最大值 pH_max	pH_max对应的时间/min	阻垢效率 E_FCP/%
0	7.81	48	—
0.5	7.97	59	53.09
1	8.06	65	93.93
2	8.23	87	98.47
4	—	—	100

图10 均匀沉淀6 min后加入羧甲基葡聚糖溶液的电阻率变化

Fig.10 The resistivity change of adding carboxymethyl dextran solution after uniform precipitation for 6 min

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