短程逆流式微通道内的流动沸腾传热特性实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230936

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微通道内的流动沸腾被公认为是一种极具潜力的高功率密度微电子设备/器件散热技术，但微通道的极限散热能力依赖于其下游的状态。为了进一步提升流动沸腾过程的传热特性并从根本上解决下游过早干涸的问题，基于逆流式微通道的概念，将传统顺流平行微通道（CPM）分为两段，提出并设计了短程逆流式微通道（SFCM）。实验研究了去离子水在质量流速为118~219 kg/（m²·s）时，过冷度为50℃下的流动沸腾传热特性，并与传统顺流平行微通道的实验结果进行了对比。研究发现，与传统顺流平行微通道相比，短程逆流式微通道的临界热通量（CHF）和平均传热系数（HTC_ave）分别实现了160.6%~204.4%和91.2%~115.4%的提升。同时，相较于传统顺流平行微通道，短程逆流式微通道的压降和泵功分别降低了76.9%~80.4%和44.9%~48.2%。更重要的是，短程逆流式微通道实现了沸腾不稳定性的有效抑制。

关键词: 短程逆流式微通道, 流动沸腾, 传热强化, 压降, 沸腾不稳定性

Abstract:

In order to further improve the heat transfer characteristics of the flow boiling process and fundamentally solve the problem of premature drying out downstream, in this study, the short flow passage counter-flow microchannels (SFCM) is proposed and designed based on the concept of counter-flow microchannels by dividing the conventional parallel-flow microchannel (CPM) into two segments. The flow boiling heat transfer characteristics of deionized water are experimentally investigated at the mass flux of 118—219 kg/(m²·s) with inlet subcooling of 50℃, and the results are compared with the CPM. It is found that the critical heat flux (CHF) and average heat transfer coefficient (HTC_ave) can achieve a 160.6%—204.4% and 91.2%—115.4% enhancement, respectively. Meanwhile, compared with CPM, the pressure drop and pumping power of SFCM are reduced by 76.9%—80.4% and 44.9%—48.2%, respectively. More importantly, flow boiling instabilities can be effectively suppressed in SFCM.

Key words: short flow passage counter-flow microchannels, flow boiling, heat transfer enhancement, pressure drop, boiling instabilities

中图分类号:

TK 124

李昀, 曹杰, 华夏, 吴慧英. 短程逆流式微通道内的流动沸腾传热特性实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(11): 4501-4514.

Yun LI, Jie CAO, Xia HUA, Huiying WU. Experimental investigation on flow boiling heat transfer characteristics in short flow passage counter-flow microchannels[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(11): 4501-4514.

图/表 14

图1 双向逆流式微通道实验系统

Fig.1 Experimental system for flow boiling bidirectional counter-flow microchannels

图2 传统顺流平行微通道与短程逆流式微通道的对比示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram comparison for traditional parallel-flow straight microchannels and short flow passage counter-flow microchannels

图3 测试段示意图及实物图

Fig.3 Test section schematic diagram and physical drawing

表1 不确定度

Table 1 Uncertainties

参数	不确定度
流量	±2%
压力	±0.04%
环境温度	±2℃
测量温度	±0.2℃
进出口温度	±0.2℃
电压	±0.93%
电流	±1.77%
热通量	±5.79%
平均传热系数	±10.52%

图4 热损失标定

Fig.4 Heat loss calibration

图5 单相流动验证

Fig.5 Experimental verification results for single-phase flow

图6 沸腾曲线

Fig.6 Boiling curves

图7 CHF比较结果(a)及测得CHF与理论物理计算值的对比(b)

Fig.7 Comparison results for CHF (a), comparison of CHF between experimental and theoretical results (b)

图8 相同总质量流量下的CHF比较结果(a)及测得CHF与理论物理计算值的对比(b)

Fig.8 Comparison results for CHF (a), comparison of CHF between experimental and theoretical results under same total mass flow rate (b)

图9 CPM及SFCM下游的流动沸腾可视化结果

Fig.9 Flow boiling visualization results at downstream of CPM and SFCM

图10 CPM和SFCM的平均传热系数

Fig.10 Average HTC for CPM and SFCM

图11 压降比较结果

Fig.11 Pressure drop comparison results

图12 泵功比较结果(a)及SFCM的压降和泵功下降比率(b)

Fig.12 Pumping power comparison results (a), pressure drop and pump power reduction ratio for SFCM (b)

图13 微通道内的瞬态参数变化

Fig.13 Transient parameter variations within microchannels

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