异形仿生换热器壳侧对流换热的高效低阻特性研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20210512

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

开发高效低阻换热器是提升系统能量转化效率的重要途径，对于船舶航运工业和海上石油平台等海洋工程以及石油钻井平台等领域具有重要的意义。受鲨鱼鳃裂结构启发，设计了一种适用于受限空间内的异形仿生换热器，大幅释放空间，并提高了换热器的集成性。通过在换热器壳程添加四种不同形式的折流板，并在进口端引入“间隙流”，模拟分析了换热器壳侧流场、压力场和温度场的分布规律，并对比了不同Reynolds数下换热器的性能差异。结果表明，阶梯式隔板换热器可达到低阻特性，流速为0.5 m/s时，壳程压降相比于弓形折流板换热器和交错类折流板换热器分别下降了约82%和65%；当Reynolds数在15000~35000之间（流速约为0.63~1.46 m/s）时，进口间隙交错折流板换热器的高效低阻特性优势明显，比弓形折流板换热器提升了约12%；当Reynolds数大于35000即流速高于1.46 m/s时，阶梯式隔板换热器的综合性能比弓形折流板换热器高出约5%，可适用于对壳程压降要求更高的应用环境。给出了不同工况下的换热器综合性能评价图，为实际应用和设计分析提供指导。

关键词: 异形换热器, 仿生结构, 高效低阻, 折流板, 阶梯式隔板, 传热, 数值模拟, 优化设计

Abstract:

Developing a high efficiency and low resistance performance heat exchanger is an important way to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the power system, which is of great significance for marine engineering such as shipping industry and offshore oil platform, as well as oil drilling platform and other fields. Inspired by shark gill slit structure, a special-shaped heat exchanger with bionic structures (SSBHX) is designed in this work to greatly release the space and improve the integration of the heat exchanger. By adding four different types of baffles on the shell side of the heat exchanger and introducing “clearance flow” at the inlet, the distribution of flow field, pressure field and temperature field on the shell side of the heat exchanger and the performance difference of the heat exchanger are investigated under various Reynolds numbers between 10000 to 50000 by numerical simulation. The results show that the shell side pressure drop of ladder baffle special-shaped heat exchanger with bionic structures (SSBHX-LA) is about 82% and 65% lower than that of segmental baffle special-shaped heat exchanger with bionic structures (SSBHX-SG), staggered baffle and inlet clearance staggered baffle special-shaped heat exchanger with bionic structures (SSBHX-ST and SSBHX-CST) when the velocity is 0.5 m/s. As the Reynolds number between 15000 and 35000 (0.63—1.46 m/s), the high efficiency and low resistance performance of SSBHX-CST has obvious advantages, which is about 12% higher than that of SSBHX-SG; when the Reynolds number is more than 35000 (v>1.46 m/s), the overall performance of SSBHX-LA is about 5% higher than that of SSBHX-SG, which can be applied to the application environment with higher pressure drop requirements on the shell side. The comprehensive performance evaluation diagrams of heat exchangers under different working conditions are given to provide guidance for practical application and design analysis.

Key words: special-shaped heat exchanger, bionic structure, high efficiency and low resistance, baffle, ladder baffle, heat transfer, numerical simulation, optimal design

中图分类号:

TK 124

刘辰玥, 郑通, 刘渊博, 温荣福, 陈凯, 马学虎. 异形仿生换热器壳侧对流换热的高效低阻特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(9): 4511-4522.

Chenyue LIU, Tong ZHENG, Yuanbo LIU, Rongfu WEN, Kai CHEN, Xuehu MA. Shell side high efficiency and low resistance performance of heat exchanger with bionic structures[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(9): 4511-4522.

图/表 22

图1 异形仿生换热器设计思路

Fig.1 Design structure of special-shaped heat exchanger with bionic structures

图2 异形仿生换热器结构及折流板布置示意图[图（d）、（e）中蓝色区域代表集水箱]

Fig.2 Structure diagram and baffle arrangement of special-shaped heat exchanger with bionic structures [The blue area in Fig. (d) and (e) represents the water collecting tank]

表1 异形仿生换热器外壳与换热管设计参数

Table 1 Tube and shell design parameters of special-shaped heat exchanger with bionic structures

换热器设计参数	数值
弧度/(°)	60
内半径/mm	503.5
宽度/mm	145
进出口直径/mm	80
换热管尺寸/mm	?20×2
换热管长度/mm	750
换热管中心距/mm	27
换热管数量	50

表2 异形仿生弓形折流板、交错折流板和进口间隙交错折流板换热器内部设计参数

Table 2 Internal design parameters of SSBHX-SG， SSBHX-ST and SSBHX-CST

换热器内部设计元件	设计参数	数值
折流板	折流板厚度/mm	5
	折流板数量	4
	折流板①和③缺口弧度占整体弧度的比例	29%
	折流板②和④缺口宽度占整体宽度的比例	28%、26%
进口折流板处间隙	进口处管板间隙/mm	1.5

表3 异形仿生扇形隔板和阶梯式隔板换热器设计参数

Table 3 Design parameters of SSBHX-FA and SSBHX-LA

设计参数	数值
进出口集水箱高度/mm	120
阶梯式隔板缺口弧度占整体弧度的比例	29%、54%、79%
隔板数量	4

图3 异形仿生换热器中换热管排布和进口间隙示意图

Fig.3 Arrangement of heat exchange tubes and inlet clearance in special-shaped heat exchanger with bionic structures

图4 异形仿生换热器网格划分及边界层加密示意图

Fig.4 Mesh generation and boundary layer of special-shaped heat exchanger with bionic structures

表4 壳侧流体的热物性参数

Table 4 Thermophysical parameters of shell side fluid

物理性质	数值
ρ/（kg/m³）	1025
c_p/(J/(kg·K))	3890
λ/(W/(m·K))	0.634
μ/(Pa·s)	0.0008545

图5 弓形折流板换热器与交错折流板换热器壳侧的三维流场示意图（v=2.0 m/s）

Fig.5 3D streamlines of shell side of SSBHX-SG and SSBHX-ST (v = 2.0 m/s)

图6 异形仿生交错折流板和进口间隙折流板换热器壳侧某一截面速度分布与速度矢量叠加压力云图（v=2.0 m/s）

Fig.6 Shell side velocity distribution and vector superimposed pressure drop on a section of SSBHX-ST and SSBHX-CST (v = 2.0 m/s)

图7 异形仿生扇形隔板和阶梯式隔板换热器壳侧三维流场变化（v=0.5 m/s）

Fig.7 3D streamlines of shell side of SSBHX-FA and SSBHX-LA (v=0.5 m/s)

图8 异形仿生弓形折流板和交错折流板换热器壳侧压力分布云图（v=0.5 m/s）

Fig.8 Shell side pressure contour of SSBHX-SG and SSBHX-ST (v = 0.5 m/s)

图9 异形仿生交错折流板和进口间隙交错折流板换热器壳侧压力分布云图（v=0.5 m/s）

Fig.9 Shell side pressure contour of SSBHX-ST and SSBHX-CST (v = 0.5 m/s)

图10 异形仿生弓形折流板、交错折流板和进口间隙交错折流板换热器壳侧压力变化曲线（v=0.5 m/s）

Fig.10 Shell side pressure curve of SSBHX-SG, SSBHX-ST and SSBHX-CST (v = 0.5 m/s)

图11 异形仿生扇形隔板和阶梯式隔板换热器多截面组合壳侧压力分布云图（v=0.5 m/s）

Fig.11 Shell side pressure contour of SSBHX-FA and SSBHX-LA (v = 0.5 m/s)

图12 异形仿生弓形折流板和交错折流板换热器壳侧温度分布云图（v=0.5 m/s）

Fig.12 Shell side temperature contour of SSBHX-SG and SSBHX-ST (v = 0.5 m/s)

图13 异形仿生弓形折流板、交错折流板和进口间隙交错折流板换热器特定截面壳侧等温图（v=0.5 m/s）

Fig.13 Temperature contour of multi section combined shell side of SSBHX-SG, SSBHX-ST and SSBHX-CST (v = 0.5 m/s)

图14 异形仿生弓形折流板、交错折流板和进口间隙交错折流板换热器壳程各区域平均温度变化曲线（v=0.5 m/s）

Fig.14 Shell side average temperature curve of SSBHX-SG, SSBHX-ST and SSBHX-CST (v = 0.5 m/s)

图15 异形仿生扇形隔板和阶梯式隔板换热器壳侧温度分布云图（v=0.5 m/s）

Fig.15 Shell side temperature contour of SSBHX-FA and SSBHX-LA (v = 0.5 m/s)

图16 五种换热器壳侧传热系数和壳程压降随Reynolds数的变化曲线

Fig.16 Heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop curves of five heat exchangers with various Reynolds number

图17 五种换热器单位压降传热系数随Reynolds数的变化曲线

Fig.17 Heat transfer coefficient per pressure drop curves of five heat exchangers with various Reynolds number

图18 换热器综合性能随Reynolds数的变化曲线

Fig.18 Performance evaluation curves of heat exchanger with various Reynolds number

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