车用热泵内部冷凝器结构对性能的影响

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201949

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以三换热器汽车热泵系统中的内部冷凝器为研究对象，实验研究了迎风面积与厚度相等时单层二流程与双层四流程的性能差别，发现双层冷凝器比单层的换热能力最大可增加7.9%，但压降增加了177.6%。建立了双层四流程冷凝器一维仿真模型，研究了当制冷剂为R134a与R1234yf时其在不同结构下的换热量与制冷剂侧压降。结果表明：不同流程排布的换热量差别较小，排布为11-12-12-11时，各个工况的R134a侧压降都显著减小；固定第二层厚度，第一层厚度从10 mm到20 mm，高风速工况下R134a的换热量最大增加10.4%，压降最大可减小63.6%；固定总厚度，采用不同的两层厚度组合，换热量变化较小，存在性能较优的两层厚度组合16 mm-8 mm与14 mm-10 mm；制冷剂为R1234yf时换热量和压降分别比R134a降低了8.02%和47.0%。

关键词: 车用热泵, 内部冷凝器, 结构参数, R1234yf, 微通道, 传热, 气液两相流

Abstract:

The inner condenser for electric vehicle (EV) heat pump system of the three heat exchangers type was experimentally studied, it was found that the heat transfer capacity difference between the double-layer four-pass condenser and the single-layer two-pass condenser was as high as 7.9%, under the same overall dimensions, and corresponding pressure drop difference of refrigerant side was 177.6%. A one-dimensional simulation model of the double-layer four-pass inner condenser was established to investigate its thermal-hydraulic performance under different structural parameters with refrigerant R134a as well as R1234yf. The simulation results showed that, pressure drop of refrigerant side decreased significantly when the pass arrangement is 11-12-12-11 when the refrigerant was R134a, while the heat transfer capacity was insensitive to the pass arrangement. When the thickness of the second layer of the double-layer condenser was fixed and the thickness of the first layer increased from 10 mm to 20 mm, the heat transfer rates of R134a can be increased by 10.4%, however, pressure drop can be decreased by 63.6%, under the conditions of high air flow rate. When the total thickness of the double-layer condenser was fixed, two thicknesses combinations of the first layer and the second layer as 16 mm-8 mm and 14 mm-10 mm could achieve better overall thermal-hydraulic performance, and the difference of heat transfer rate can be negligible. Under the airflow rate of 732 m³/h, the condenser of the thickness combination of 14 mm-10 mm reduced the pressure drop by 35.19% for R134a, compared to the one of 10 mm-14 mm. When the refrigerant is R1234yf, the heat exchange and pressure drop are reduced by 8.02% and 47.0% respectively compared with R134a.

Key words: heat pump system for electric vehicle, inner condenser, structural parameter, R1234yf, microchannels, heat transfer, gas-liquid flow

中图分类号:

TK 172

赵兰萍, 郭本涛, 杨志刚. 车用热泵内部冷凝器结构对性能的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(9): 4616-4628.

Lanping ZHAO, Bentao GUO, Zhigang YANG. Effect of structure on the performance of inner condenser for heat pump of EV[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(9): 4616-4628.

图/表 31

图1 车用三换热器热泵空调系统

Fig.1 Vehicle heat pump system with three exchangers

图2 冷凝器结构示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the inner condenser structure

表1 关联式选择

Table 1 Correlations of the model

项目	关联式
空气侧传热及压降^[29]	$j a = 0.2671 R e a - 0.1944 L a 90 0.257 F p L p - 0.5177 F h L p - 1.9045 L h L p 1.7159 L d L p - 0.2147 δ L p - 0.05$
	$f a = 0.545 R e a - 0.3068 L a 90 0.444 F p L p - 0.9925 F h L p 0.5458 L h L p - 0.2003 L d L p 0.0688$
	$h a = j a ρ a v m c p P r a - 2 / 3$
	$R e a = v m D a μ a$
制冷剂侧传热系数（单相）^[30]	$N u = f p / 8 R e r - 1000 P r r 1 + 1.27 (f p / 8) 0.5 (P r r 2 / 3 - 1) [1 + (D r / L) 2 / 3] P r t P r w 0.11$
制冷剂侧传热系数（单相）^[30]	$f p = (1.82 l g R e r - 1.64) - 2$
制冷剂侧传热系数（两相）^[31]	$N u = 0.023 R e l 0.8 P r l 0.4 1 + 2.22 X t t 0.89$
制冷剂侧传热系数（两相）^[31]	$X t t = ρ g ρ l 0.5 μ g μ l 0.1 1 - x x 0.9$
制冷剂压降（单相）^[27]	Re<2000， $f = 0.3164 R e - 0.25$ ；
制冷剂压降（单相）^[27]	Re>2000， $f = 64 / R e$
制冷剂压降（两相）^[32]	$f f l = 0.435 R e e q 0.12$
	$R e e q = G e q D r μ l$
	$G e q = G 1 - x + x ρ l ρ g 0.5$
空泡系数^[32]	$α = 1 + 1 - x x ρ g ρ l 2 / 3 - 1$
突扩压降（单相）^[33]	$ξ = 1 - F m i n F m a x 2$
突扩压降（单相）^[33]	$? H = ξ v m i n 2 2 g$
突缩压降（单相）^[33]	$ξ = 0.5 1 - F m i n F m a x$
突缩压降（单相）^[33]	$? H = ξ v m i n 2 2 g$
突缩压降（双相）^[34]	$? P = G v c 2 2 ρ t p 1 - σ 2 C c 2 - 2 C c 1 - C c$
	$ρ t p = x ρ g + 1 - x ρ l$
	$C c = 1 - 1 - σ 2.08 1 - σ + 0.5371$

表1 关联式选择

Table 1 Correlations of the model

项目	关联式
空气侧传热及压降^[29]	$j a = 0.2671 R e a - 0.1944 L a 90 0.257 F p L p - 0.5177 F h L p - 1.9045 L h L p 1.7159 L d L p - 0.2147 δ L p - 0.05$
	$f a = 0.545 R e a - 0.3068 L a 90 0.444 F p L p - 0.9925 F h L p 0.5458 L h L p - 0.2003 L d L p 0.0688$
	$h a = j a ρ a v m c p P r a - 2 / 3$
	$R e a = v m D a μ a$
制冷剂侧传热系数（单相）^[30]	$N u = f p / 8 R e r - 1000 P r r 1 + 1.27 (f p / 8) 0.5 (P r r 2 / 3 - 1) [1 + (D r / L) 2 / 3] P r t P r w 0.11$
制冷剂侧传热系数（单相）^[30]	$f p = (1.82 l g R e r - 1.64) - 2$
制冷剂侧传热系数（两相）^[31]	$N u = 0.023 R e l 0.8 P r l 0.4 1 + 2.22 X t t 0.89$
制冷剂侧传热系数（两相）^[31]	$X t t = ρ g ρ l 0.5 μ g μ l 0.1 1 - x x 0.9$
制冷剂压降（单相）^[27]	Re<2000， $f = 0.3164 R e - 0.25$ ；
制冷剂压降（单相）^[27]	Re>2000， $f = 64 / R e$
制冷剂压降（两相）^[32]	$f f l = 0.435 R e e q 0.12$
	$R e e q = G e q D r μ l$
	$G e q = G 1 - x + x ρ l ρ g 0.5$
空泡系数^[32]	$α = 1 + 1 - x x ρ g ρ l 2 / 3 - 1$
突扩压降（单相）^[33]	$ξ = 1 - F m i n F m a x 2$
突扩压降（单相）^[33]	$? H = ξ v m i n 2 2 g$
突缩压降（单相）^[33]	$ξ = 0.5 1 - F m i n F m a x$
突缩压降（单相）^[33]	$? H = ξ v m i n 2 2 g$
突缩压降（双相）^[34]	$? P = G v c 2 2 ρ t p 1 - σ 2 C c 2 - 2 C c 1 - C c$
	$ρ t p = x ρ g + 1 - x ρ l$
	$C c = 1 - 1 - σ 2.08 1 - σ + 0.5371$

图3 双层冷凝器计算流程

Fig.3 Calculation process of 2-layer condenser

图4 两种冷凝器实物

Fig.4 Physical comparison of two condensers

表2 冷凝器结构参数

Table 2 Structural parameters of the condensers

参数	单层	双层
长×宽×厚/mm×mm×mm	215×226×32	215×226×32
扁管宽度/mm	25.4	12
微通道数	26	12
微通道宽×高/mm×mm	0.7×0.6	0.7×0.6
扁管数	23	46
流程分布	15-8	12-11-11-12
百叶窗间距/mm	1.1	1.1
百叶窗高度/mm	6.7	6.7
百叶窗角度/(°)	27	27

表3 仪表参数

Table 3 Parameters of measuring instruments

测量项目	仪表设备	仪表精度	分辨率
制冷剂温度	热电偶	±0.5℃	<0.2℃
制冷剂压力	压力传感器	0.1%	<30 Pa
空气温度	PT100	±0.2℃	<0.1℃
空气压差	微压差变送器	>0.25%	<10 Pa
大气压力	绝对压力变送器	0.1%	<30 Pa

图5 单层二流程冷凝器与双层四流程冷凝器换热量

Fig.5 Heat transfer rate of the 1-layer 2-pass condenser and the 2-layer 4-pass condenser

图6 单层二流程冷凝器与双层四流程冷凝器总压降

Fig.6 Pressure drop of the 1-layer 2-pass condenser and the 2-layer 4-pass condenser

表4 各流程的扁管数组合情况

Table 4 Pass arrangement

编号	扁管排布
1	9-14-14-9
2	10-13-13-10
3	11-12-12-11
4	12-11-11-12
5	13-10-10-13
6	14-9-9-14

图7 不同流程组合下的换热量对比

Fig.7 Comparison of heat transfer in each pass arrangement

图8 双层冷凝器内的干度变化

Fig.8 Quality along the 2-layer condensers

图9 双层冷凝器的总传热系数变化

Fig.9 Heat transfer coefficients of 2-layer condensers

图10 不同流程组合下的压降对比

Fig.10 Comparison of pressure drop of each pass arrangement

图11 不同第一层扁管宽度下的制冷剂干度

Fig.11 Refrigerant quality under different flat tube width of the 1st-layer

图12 不同第一层扁管宽度下的总传热系数

Fig.12 Heat transfer coefficients under different flat tube width of the 1st-layer

图13 不同第一层扁管宽度下的换热量

Fig.13 Heat transfer under different flat tube width of the 1st-layer

图14 不同第一层扁管宽度下的总压降

Fig.14 Pressure drop under different flat tube width of the 1st-layer

图15 不同第一层扁管宽度下各流程换热量（风量732 m3/h）

Fig.15 Heat transfer of each pass under different flat tube width of the 1st-layer (airflow rate 732 m3/h)

图16 不同第一层扁管宽度下各流程压降（风量732 m3/h）

Fig.16 Pressure drop of each pass under different flat tube width of the 1st-layer (airflow rate 732 m3/h)

图17 不同宽度组合情况下的制冷剂干度对比

Fig.17 Quality of R134a in different flat tube width combinations

图18 不同宽度组合情况下的总传热系数对比

Fig.18 Heat transfer coefficients of R134a in different flat tube width combinations

图19 第一层扁管不同宽度情况下的换热量对比

Fig.19 Comparison of heat transfer under different flat tube width of the 1st-layer

图20 第一层扁管不同宽度情况下的压降对比

Fig.20 Comparison of pressure drop under different flat tube width of the 1st-layer

图21 不同宽度组合下各流程换热量（风量732 m3/h)

Fig.21 Heat transfer of each pass under different flat tube width combinations (airflow rate 732 m3/h)

图22 不同宽度组合下各流程压降（风量732 m3/h）

Fig.22 Pressure drop of each pass under different flat tube width combinations(airflow rate 732 m3/h)

表5 R1234yf与R134a饱和状态物理性质对比（50℃）

Table 5 Physical properties of the saturated state of R1234yf and R134a

性质	R1234yf	R134a
液体动力黏度/（μPa·s）	113.59	141.77
液体运动黏度/(cm²/s)	0.0011469	0.0012861
蒸发潜热/(kJ/kg)	122.13	151.81
液体密度/(kg/m³)	990.38	1102.3
液体热导率/(mW/（m·K)）	56.130	70.427

图23 不同制冷剂双层冷凝器的总传热系数变化

Fig.23 Heat transfer coefficients of 2-layer condensers with R134a and R1234yf

图24 双层冷凝器内不同制冷剂的干度变化

Fig.24 Quality of 2-layer condensers with R134a and R1234yf

图25 不同制冷剂的双层冷凝器换热量对比

Fig.25 Heat transfer of 2-layer condensers with R134a and R1234yf

图26 不同制冷剂的双层冷凝器总压降对比

Fig.26 Pressure drop of 2-layer condensers with R134a and R1234yf

参考文献 36

1	张皓, 赵家威, 施骏业, 等. 电动汽车热泵空调系统采暖性能的试验研究[J]. 制冷技术, 2017, 37(3): 39-42.
	Zhang H, Zhao J W, Shi J Y, et al. Experimental study on heating performance of heat pump air conditioning system for electric vehicles[J]. Chinese Journal of Refrigeration Technology, 2017, 37(3): 39-42.
2	赵宇, 嵇天炜, 瞿晓华, 等. 电动汽车热泵空调系统综述[J]. 制冷与空调, 2020, 20(7): 72-81.
	Zhao Y, Ji T W, Qu X H, et al. Review of heat pump system in electric vehicles[J]. Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, 2020, 20(7): 72-81.
3	Kim K Y, Kim S C, Kim M S. Experimental studies on the heating performance of the PTC heater and heat pump combined system in fuel cells and electric vehicles[J]. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2012, 13(6): 971-977.
4	Feng L L, Hrnjak P. Experimental study of an air conditioning-heat pump system for electric vehicles[R]//SAE Technical Paper Series. SAE International, 2016.
5	Higuchi Y, Kobayashi H, Shan Z W, et al. Efficient heat pump system for PHEV/BEV[R]//SAE Technical Paper Series. SAE International, 2017.
6	Zhang Z Q, Wang D D, Zhang C Q, et al. Electric vehicle range extension strategies based on improved AC system in cold climate—a review[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2018, 88: 141-150.
7	韦伟. 车用热泵小管径换热器开发与性能研究[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2013.
	Wei W. Design and performance study of the small diameter tube-and-fin heat exchanger for automotive heat pump system[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2013.
8	严瑞东. 基于部件优化的电动汽车热泵系统性能提升研究[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2015.
	Yan R D. Development of heat pump system for electrical cars[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2015.
9	王颖, 施骏业, 陈江平, 等. 采用三换热器和四通阀的两种车用热泵系统的对比研究[J]. 制冷学报, 2014, 35(1): 71-76.
	Wang Y, Shi J Y, Chen J P, et al. Comparative study of two kinds of automotive air conditioning system with three heat exchangers and four-way valve[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2014, 35(1): 71-76.
10	吴侣柏, 林洲君, 凌强. 一种微通道双层平行流冷凝器: 205957547U[P]. 2017-02-15.
	Wu L B, Lin Z J, Ling Q. Double -deck parallel flow condenser in microchannel: 205957547U[P]. 2017-02-15.
11	刘明康, 苏林, 方奕栋, 等. 电动汽车热泵空调系统冬季采暖性能实验研究[J]. 制冷学报, 2020, 41(4): 45-51.
	Liu M K, Su L, Fang Y D, et al. Experimental investigation on heating performance of heat pump air-conditioning system for electric vehicle in winter[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2020, 41(4): 45-51.
12	韩欣欣, 薛庆峰, 田长青. 汽车空调用制冷工质[J]. 制冷与空调, 2017, 17(10): 40-47.
	Han X X, Xue Q F, Tian C Q. Refrigerants used in vehicle air-conditioning[J]. Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, 2017, 17(10): 40-47.
13	孙西峰, 韩杨. 汽车空调替代制冷剂的比较[J]. 制冷与空调, 2015, 15(5): 60-67.
	Sun X F, Han Y. Comparison of automotive air conditioning alternative refrigerants[J]. Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, 2015, 15(5): 60-67.
14	赵宇. R1234yf汽车空调系统性能研究[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2013.
	Zhao Y. Study on the performance of automotive air conditioning systems with R1234yf[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2013.
15	刘雨声, 李万勇, 张立, 等. 采用R1234yf制冷剂的汽车超低温强化补气热泵空调性能[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2020, 54(10): 1108-1116.
	Liu Y S, Li W Y, Zhang L, et al. Performance of automotive ultra-low temperature economized vapor injection heat pump air conditioning using R1234yf refrigerant[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2020, 54(10): 1108-1116.
16	Zou H M, Huang G Y, Shao S Q, et al. Experimental study on heating performance of an R1234yf heat pump system for electric cars[J]. Energy Procedia, 2017, 142: 1015-1021.
17	Direk M, Yüksel F. Experimental evaluation of an automotive heat pump system with R1234yf as an alternative to R134a[J]. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2020, 45(2): 719-728.
18	Lee Y, Jung D. A brief performance comparison of R1234yf and R134a in a bench tester for automobile applications[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2012, 35: 240-242.
19	Aral M C, Suhermanto M, Hosoz M. Performance evaluation of an automotive air conditioning and heat pump system using R1234yf and R134a[J]. Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2021, 27(1): 44-60.
20	Li W Y, Liu R, Liu Y S, et al. Performance evaluation of R1234yf heat pump system for an electric vehicle in cold climate[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2020, 115: 117-125.
21	Del Col D, Torresin D, Cavallini A. Heat transfer and pressure drop during condensation of the low GWP refrigerant R1234yf[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2010, 33(7): 1307-1318.
22	Pabon J J G, Pereira L C, Humia G, et al. Experimental study on the void fraction during two-phase flow of R1234yf in smooth horizontal tubes[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2019, 104: 103-112.
23	Illán-Gómez F, López-Belchí A, García-Cascales J R, et al. Experimental two-phase heat transfer coefficient and frictional pressure drop inside mini-channels during condensation with R1234yf and R134a[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2015, 51: 12-23.
24	Nalbandian H, Yang C Y, Chen K T. Effect of channel size and shape on condensation heat transfer of refrigerants HFO-1234yf and HFC-134a in rectangular microchannels[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2020, 161: 120314.
25	李华松. R1234yf热泵系统冷凝器数值模拟与试验研究[D]. 唐山: 华北理工大学, 2019.
	Li H S. Numerical simulation and experimental study on condenser of R1234yf heat pump system[D]. Tangshan, China: North China University of Science and Technology, 2019.
26	姚奕, 徐柏兴, 邵翌旻, 等. R1234yf微通道平行流冷凝器仿真模型[J]. 制冷技术, 2013, 33(3): 34-38.
	Yao Y, Xu B X, Shao Y M, et al. Simulation model for micro-channel parallel flow condenser using R1234yf as working fluid[J]. Chinese Journal of Refrigeration Technology, 2013, 33(3): 34-38.
27	Wang T, Gu B, Wu B, et al. Modeling for multi-pass parallel flow condenser with the effect of refrigerant mal-distribution[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2015, 60: 234-246.
28	Yin J M, Bullard C W, Hrnjak P S. Single-phase pressure drop measurements in a microchannel heat exchanger[J]. Heat Transfer Engineering, 2002, 23(4): 3-12.
29	董军启. 车辆冷却系统空气侧特性研究[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2008.
	Dong J Q. Research on air side flow and heat transfer character of vehicle cooling systems[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2008.
30	Gnielinski V. New equations for heat and mass transfer in turbulent pipe and channel flows[J]. Int. J. Chem. Eng., 1976,16:359-368.
31	Dobson M K, Chato J C. Condensation in smooth horizontal tubes[J]. Journal of Heat Transfer, 1998, 120(1): 193-213.
32	Yang C Y, Webb R L. Friction pressure drop of R-12 in small hydraulic diameter extruded aluminum tubes with and without micro-fins[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1996, 39(4): 801-809.
33	Idelchik I. Handbook of Hydraulic Resistance [M]. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1994.
34	Coleman J W, Krause P E. Two phase pressure losses of R134a in microchannel tube headers with large free flow area ratios[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2004, 28(2/3): 123-130.
35	朱正园, 柳建华, 张良, 等. HFO-1234yf与HFC-134a比较分析[J]. 低温与超导, 2012, 40(4): 66-69.
	Zhu Z Y, Liu J H, Zhang L, et al. Comparative analysis of HFO-1234yf and HFC-134a[J]. Cryogenics & Superconductivity, 2012, 40(4): 66-69.
36	陶文铨. 传热学[M]. 5版. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2019: 292.
	Tao W Q. Heat Transfer[M]. 5th ed. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2019: 292.

[1]	晁京伟, 许嘉兴, 李廷贤. 基于无管束蒸发换热强化策略的吸附热池的供热性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 302-310.
[2]	程成, 段钟弟, 孙浩然, 胡海涛, 薛鸿祥. 表面微结构对析晶沉积特性影响的格子Boltzmann模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 74-86.
[3]	张双星, 刘舫辰, 张义飞, 杜文静. R-134a脉动热管相变蓄放热实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 165-171.
[4]	张义飞, 刘舫辰, 张双星, 杜文静. 超临界二氧化碳用印刷电路板式换热器性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 183-190.
[5]	陈爱强, 代艳奇, 刘悦, 刘斌, 吴翰铭. 基板温度对HFE7100液滴蒸发过程的影响研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 191-197.
[6]	刘明栖, 吴延鹏. 导光管直径和长度对传热影响的模拟分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 206-212.
[7]	王志国, 薛孟, 董芋双, 张田震, 秦晓凯, 韩强. 基于裂隙粗糙性表征方法的地热岩体热流耦合数值模拟与分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 223-234.
[8]	江河, 袁俊飞, 王林, 邢谷雨. 均流腔结构对微细通道内相变流动特性影响的实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 235-244.
[9]	李科, 文键, 忻碧平. 耦合蒸气冷却屏的真空多层绝热结构对液氢储罐自增压过程的影响机制研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3786-3796.
[10]	李艺彤, 郭航, 陈浩, 叶芳. 催化剂非均匀分布的质子交换膜燃料电池操作条件研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3831-3840.
[11]	王玉兵, 李杰, 詹宏波, 朱光亚, 张大林. R134a在菱形离散肋微小通道内的流动沸腾换热实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3797-3806.
[12]	袁佳琦, 刘政, 黄锐, 张乐福, 贺登辉. 泡状入流条件下旋流泵能量转换特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3807-3820.
[13]	齐聪, 丁子, 余杰, 汤茂清, 梁林. 基于选择吸收纳米薄膜的太阳能温差发电特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3921-3930.
[14]	杨越, 张丹, 郑巨淦, 涂茂萍, 杨庆忠. NaCl水溶液喷射闪蒸-掺混蒸发的实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3279-3291.
[15]	高燕, 伍鹏, 尚超, 胡泽君, 陈晓东. 基于双流体喷嘴的磁性琼脂糖微球的制备及其蛋白吸附性能探究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3457-3471.