文丘里卷吸型气液分配器液体分配性能的结构参数研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20210871

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了改善滴流床用的内卷吸型气液分配器的液体分散差的现象，提出了一种文丘里卷吸型气液分配器，并对其结构参数进行了参数化研究，定量认识卷吸型分配器的结构参数对其气液分配性能的影响。在冷态实验装置上进行了文丘里卷吸型气液分配器性能实验，建立了耦合群体平衡模型的欧拉-欧拉两相流模型，数值模拟了文丘里卷吸型气液分配器气液两相分配流动过程。冷模实验结合数值模拟，系统性考察了各结构参数对卷吸型气液分配器的液体分布均匀性、喷淋半径以及压降的影响。结果表明，采用具备缩-扩结构的文丘里管作为降液管能够有效提升卷吸型分配器的分布均匀度和喷淋半径，并显著降低压降。通过正交试验，获得了主要结构参数与分配性能的相关性，给出了结构参数与性能指标的经验关联式。降液管的扩张段是改善液体分配性能的关键结构，其扩张角为30°时液体分配性能最好。

关键词: 气液分配器, 滴流床反应器, 两相流, 计算流体力学, 数值模拟

Abstract:

In order to improve the liquid center aggregation of bubble-cap typed gas-liquid distributor in trickle bed reactor and investigate the relationship between structural parameters and performance of liquid distribution, a new gas-liquid distributor with the Venturi downcomer was designed while the effect of its structure parameters on the distribution quality was explored. A cold experimental bench was established, and the performance of the new gas-liquid distributor was verified. Euler-Euler-PBE mathematical model was built up and validated to simulate the gas-liquid flow in the new gas-liquid distributor. Combining the experimental and numerical data, the effect of the structure parameters on pressure drop, liquid distribution, and spray area was analyzed systematically. The results show that the use of a Venturi with a shrink-and-expansion structure as a downcomer can effectively improve the distribution uniformity and spray radius of the entrainment type distributor, and significantly reduce the pressure drop. Based on the orthogonal cases numerically, the significance of main structure parameters was clarified, and empirical correlations of the distribution performance with structural parameters were obtained. The expansion section of the downcomer is a key structure to improve the liquid distribution performance, and the liquid distribution performance is the best when the expansion angle is 30°.

Key words: gas-liquid distributor, trickle-bed reactor, two-phase flow, computational fluid dynamics, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TQ 028.8

莫晗旸, 雍玉梅, 张广积, 于康, 陈文强, 杨超. 文丘里卷吸型气液分配器液体分配性能的结构参数研究[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(12): 6241-6253.

Hanyang MO, Yumei YONG, Guangji ZHANG, Kang YU, Wenqiang CHEN, Chao YANG. Study on the effects of structural parameters of bubble-cap distributor with Venturi downcomer on the liquid distribution performance[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(12): 6241-6253.

图/表 17

图1 气液分配器的液体分布性能冷模实验流程示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of cold-flow experiment of performance test on gas-liquid distributor

图2 三种类型的气液分配器实验装备图结构示意图φ1—降液管直径；φ2—泡帽直径；φ3—碎液板直径；φ4—降液管扩张段直径；h1—降液管扩张高度；h2—降液管喉管高度；h3—降液管缩径段高度；h4—分配器总高度；h5—条缝高度；h6—泡帽高度；Deg1—缩径角；Deg2—扩张角

Fig.2 Schematic of three types of G-L distributor

表1 气液分配器标准结构和工况参数

Table 1 Standard structural and operation parameters of G-L distributor

φ₁/mm	φ₂/mm	φ₃/mm	φ₄/mm	h₁/mm	h₂/mm	h₃/mm	h₄/mm	n_s	w	h₅/mm	h₆/mm	Deg1/(°)	Deg2/(°)	U_g/(m³/h)	U_l/(m³/h)
30	50	27	53	20	29	29	66	6	3	16	65	10	45	18.0000	0.1522

图3 实验可重复性验证(新型分配器, φ1=30 mm, Ug=18 m3/h, Ul=0.1522 m3/h)

Fig.3 Validation on repeatability of cold-flow model experiment (new G-L distributor, φ1=30 mm,Ug=18 m3/h, Ul=0.1522 m3/h)

图4 气液分配器网格划分

Fig.4 Mesh configuration of G-L distributor in simulations

图5 Euler-PBE模型的网格无关性验证(新型分配器, φ1=30 mm, Ug=18 m3/h, Ul=0.1522 m3/h)

Fig.5 Mesh independence test on Euler-PBE model with experimental data (new G-L distributor, φ1=30 mm, Ug=18 m3/h, Ul=0.1522 m3/h)

图6 不同气液分配器(φ1=30 mm)在流动距离0.135 m处的液体速度分布云图

Fig.6 Contours of liquid velocity distribution at flow distance of 0.135 m of different types of G-L distributor (φ1=30 mm)

图7 不同气液分配器(φ1=30 mm)的压力降和流动距离0.135 m处的液相CoV和Rc

Fig.7 ?P, CoV and Rc of different G-L distributor (φ1=30 mm) at flow distance of 0.135 m

图8 不同气液比(Ug/Ul)下的压力降和流动距离0.135 m处的液相CoV和Rc (Ug=14.4 ~ 21.6 m3/h, Ul=0.1522 m3/h)

Fig.8 ?P, CoV and Rc under different Ug/Ul at flow distance of 0.135 m (Ug=14.4 ~ 21.6 m3/h, Ul=0.1522 m3/h)

图9 不同扩孔角度(Deg2)的压力降和流动距离0.135 m处的液相CoV和Rc

Fig.9 ?P, CoV and Rc of different Deg2 at flow distance of 0.135 m

图10 数值模拟与冷模实验在流动距离0.135 m处的Ul验证

Fig.10 Comparison of Ul profiles based on numerical simulation and experimental data at flow distance of 0.135 m

图11 液滴粒径在卷吸型分配器内的分布

Fig.11 Distribution of droplet size in bubble cap distributor

表2 气液分配器模拟工况设计（L27（3，9））

Table 2 Orthogonal experiments of numerical simulation on G-L distributor（L27（3，9））

实验序号	φ₂/mm	(h₂+h₃)/mm	α/(°)	n_s	h₅/mm	w	(h₄-h₆)/mm	Deg2/(°)	φ₃/mm
1	50	21+29	7.5	4	13	2.5	9	15	23
2	50	21+29	7.5	6	16	3	17	45	31
3	50	21+29	7.5	8	19	3.5	13	30	27
4	50	28+29	15.12	4	16	3.5	9	30	31
5	50	28+29	15.12	6	19	2.5	17	15	27
6	50	28+29	15.12	8	13	3	13	45	23
7	50	35+29	10.12	4	19	3	9	45	27
8	50	35+29	10.12	6	13	3.5	17	30	23
9	50	35+29	10.12	8	16	2.5	13	15	31
10	53	21+29	15.12	4	19	3	17	30	23
11	53	21+29	15.12	6	13	3.5	13	15	31
12	53	21+29	15.12	8	16	2.5	9	45	27
13	53	28+29	10.12	4	13	2.5	17	45	31
14	53	28+29	10.12	6	16	3	13	30	27
15	53	28+29	10.12	8	19	3.5	9	15	23
16	53	35+29	7.5	4	16	3.5	17	15	27
17	53	35+29	7.5	6	19	2.5	13	45	23
18	53	35+29	7.5	8	13	3	9	30	31
19	56	21+29	10.12	4	16	3.5	13	45	23
20	56	21+29	10.12	6	19	2.5	9	30	31
21	56	21+29	10.12	8	13	3	17	15	27
22	56	28+29	7.5	4	19	3	13	15	31
23	56	28+29	7.5	6	13	3.5	9	45	27
24	56	28+29	7.5	8	16	2.5	17	30	23
25	56	35+29	15.12	4	13	2.5	13	30	27
26	56	35+29	15.12	6	16	3	9	15	23
27	56	35+29	15.12	8	19	3.5	17	45	31

图12 正交样本下的最优与最劣CoV与Rc变化曲线

Fig.12 Best and worst profiles of Rc and CoV in orthogonal experiments

图13 CoV、Rc与压力降的因素显著性1—泡帽直径；2—降液管高；3—变径角度；4—条缝数量；5—条缝高度；6—条缝宽度；7—泡帽高度；8—扩孔角度；9—花板直径；*—显著(p < 0.05);**—非常显著(p < 0.01)

Fig.13 Main effect plots response for CoV, Rc, and ?P

图14 不同Deg2的扩张段内部的气相速度矢量分布

Fig.14 Vector of gas phase velocity in expanding part with different Deg2

图15 CoV与压力降的经验关联式计算值与实验值的对比

Fig.15 Comparison of empirical and experimental data on CoV and ?P

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