常见离子对玉米秸秆为牺牲剂的光催化制氢影响

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20210926

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以玉米秸秆为牺牲剂、Pt/TiO₂为催化剂，研究玉米秸秆不同部位、不同组分以及液相环境的pH、常见阴阳离子的加入对光催化制氢的影响。利用XRD、TGA和UV-vis DRS表征玉米秸秆的组分和光吸收特性。结果表明，在pH=5~7时制氢量适中、pH<5和pH=8~10时制氢受到抑制、pH>10时制氢得到提升；强酸阴离子、强碱金属离子对该体系制氢无影响； $C O 3 2 -$ 和 $H P O 4 -$ 对制氢有不同程度的促进作用；Fe³⁺、Cu²⁺和Zn²⁺因其氧化性强弱顺序和弱电离性对制氢有不同程度的抑制作用。综合上述实验结果分析了不同离子对制氢影响规律和作用机理。

关键词: 制氢, 再生能源, 催化, 玉米秸秆, 离子

Abstract:

In this study, corn straw and Pt/TiO₂ were used as sacrificial agent and catalyst, respectively. The effects of different parts and components of corn straw, pH and the addition of common cation and anion of liquid environment on photocatalytic hydrogen production were studied. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-vis DRS) were used to characterize the components and light absorption characteristics of corn straw. The results show that the hydrogen production was moderate in the range of pH=5—7, inhibited in the range of pH<5 and pH=8—10, and increased in the range of pH>10. Strong acid anions and alkali metal ions have no effect on hydrogen production. $C O 3 2 -$ and $H P O 4 -$ promoted hydrogen production in different degrees. Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ have different degrees of inhibition on hydrogen production due to their strong or weak order of oxidation and weak ionization. Based on the above experimental results, the law and mechanism of the influence of different ions on hydrogen production are analyzed.

Key words: hydrogen production, renewable energy, catalysis, corn straw, ion

中图分类号:

TK 91

周云龙, 林东尧, 叶校源, 孙博. 常见离子对玉米秸秆为牺牲剂的光催化制氢影响[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(2): 722-729.

Yunlong ZHOU, Dongyao LIN, Xiaoyuan YE, Bo SUN. Effect of ions on photocatalytic H₂ production using corn straw as sacrificial agent[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(2): 722-729.

图/表 11

表1 玉米秸秆不同部位的成分含量

Table 1 Component content of different parts of corn straw

样品	含量/%
样品	纤维素	半纤维素	木质素	其他成分
秸叶	28.49	32.14	3.30	36.07
秸穂	28.34	30.65	2.96	38.05
秸皮	31.68	21.37	5.73	41.22
秸髓	26.96	28.68	2.02	42.34
玉米秸秆（总）	28.00	21.50	4.46	46.04

图1 玉米秸秆不同部位的物理特性表征

Fig.1 Characterization of physical properties of different parts of corn straw

图2 玉米秸秆和光催化剂的UV-vis DRS谱对比(测试条件:液体介质为去离子水;固体样品Pt/TiO2和玉米秸秆浓度均为1×10-3 g/ml)

Fig.2 Comparison of UV-vis DRS spectra of corn straw and photocatalyst

图3 玉米秸秆不同成分对产氢的影响

Fig.3 Comparison of hydrogen production of different parts and simulated components of corn straw

图4 pH对光催化玉米秸秆制氢的影响

Fig.4 Effect of pH on photocatalytic H2 production from corn straw

表2 pH对反应体系的表面静电荷的影响

Table 2 Effect of pH on surface electrostatic charge of reaction system

pH	电位/mV
pH	Pt/TiO₂	玉米秸秆	混合体系
2	21.10	15.21	16.09
4	15.89	-5.01	6.66
6	8.93	-11.84	3.33
8	-10.21	-13.27	-12.02
10	-31.06	-14.50	-18.15
12	-39.96	-16.44	-29.62

图5 不同阴离子对产氢的影响

Fig.5 Effect of different anions on hydrogen production

图6 碳酸根和磷酸氢根对产氢的影响

Fig.6 Effect of carbonate and hydrogen phosphate on hydrogen production

图7 不同阳离子对产氢的影响

Fig.7 Effect of different cations on hydrogen production

图8 铁离子浓度对产氢的影响

Fig.8 Effect of iron ion concentration on hydrogen production

图9 锌离子和铜离子的浓度对产氢的影响

Fig.9 Effect of concentration of zinc ion and copper ion on hydrogen production

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