离子液体反应型萃取燃油脱硫研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201131

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着社会不断发展，汽、柴油的消耗量逐年增大，开发温和条件下对芳香族硫化物具有优异脱除性能的非加氢脱硫方法对我国汽、柴油标准升级具有重要意义。萃取脱硫法能够在室温常压条件下脱除油品中的芳香族硫化物，且能够通过萃取剂结构设计实现选择性脱硫。综述了近年来离子液体反应型萃取脱硫方法的研究进展，主要探讨了离子液体反应型萃取脱硫方法的原理和萃取作用机制，重点论述了离子液体反应型萃取脱硫方法中离子液体设计、氧化剂类型、外场强化作用、离子液体的分离回收等研究现状，分析了制约反应型萃取脱硫广泛工业化应用的瓶颈，并提出合适的解决策略，以期推动基于离子液体反应型萃取脱硫方法和技术的进一步工业化应用。

关键词: 离子液体, 燃油, 脱硫, 反应型萃取, 催化, 过程强化

Abstract:

With the continuous development of society, the consumption of gasoline and diesel has been increasing year by year. The development of non-hydrodesulfurization methods with excellent removal performance of aromatic sulfides under mild conditions is of great significance to the upgrading of Chinese gasoline and diesel standards. Extractive desulfurization can remove aromatic sulfides in fuel oils at room temperature and normal pressure. Moreover, selective desulfurization can be gained by the design of the extractant structures. This article reviews the current research progress of ionic liquid reaction-type extraction desulfurization method. The principle and mechanism of ionic liquid reaction-type extraction desulfurization method are discussed in detail. Moreover, this review focuses on the effects of ionic liquid, oxidant type, and process intensification separation and recovery of ionic liquids, etc. in ionic liquid reaction-type extraction desulfurization method. This article also analyzes the bottleneck restricting the extensive industrial application of reaction-type extraction desulfurization method.

Key words: ionic liquid, fuel oils, desulfurization, reactive extraction, catalysis, processing intensification

中图分类号:

TE 624

吴沛文, 荀苏杭, 蒋伟, 李华明, 朱文帅. 离子液体反应型萃取燃油脱硫研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(1): 276-291.

WU Peiwen, XUN Suhang, JIANG Wei, LI Huaming, ZHU Wenshuai. Recent progress on extractive desulfurization of fuel oils through reactions based on ionic liquids as solvents and catalysts[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(1): 276-291.

图/表 11

图1 萃取脱硫与加氢脱硫方法耦合

Fig.1 Coupling of extractive desulfurization and hydrodesulfurization technology

图2 萃取脱硫方法(a)；反应型萃取脱硫方法(b)

Fig.2 Extractive desulfurization process(a); Reaction-type extractive desulfurization process(b)

图3 常见的常规离子液体和功能型离子液体阴阳离子种类

Fig.3 Anions and cations of conventional ionic liquid and task-specific ionic liquid

表1 不同离子液体活化H2O2用于反应型萃取脱硫

Table 1 Ionic liquids for reactive extraction desulfurization using activated H2O2 as the oxidant

序号	离子液体	硫化物类型	萃取剂/催化剂	文献
1	[(C₈H₁₇)₃NCH₃]₂[W₆O₁₉]	DBT, 4,6-DMDBT, BT	催化剂	[34]
2	[(C₄H₉)₄N]₄[W₁₀O₃₂]	DBT, 4,6-DMDBT, BT	萃取剂/催化剂	[35]
3	[PSPy]₃[PW₁₂O₄₀]	DBT, 4,6-DMDBT, BT	催化剂	[36]
4	[MIMPS]₃[PW₁₂O₄₀]·2H₂O	DBT, 4,6-DMDBT, BT	催化剂	[37]
5	[VO(O₂)₂(phen)]·H₂O	DBT	催化剂	[38]
6	[WO(O₂)₂]·[2C₃H₇NO₂]·H₂O	DBT	催化剂	[39]
7	[PyPS]₃[(NH₄)₃Mo₇O₂₄]	DBT, 4,6-DMDBT, BT	催化剂	[40]
8	[(CH₃)N(n-C₈H₁₇)₃]₂[Mo₂O₁₁]	DBT, 4,6-DMDBT, BT	催化剂	[41]
9	[(CH₃)₄N][FeCl₄]	DBT	催化剂	[42]
10	[Ch][FeCl₄]	DBT, 4,6-DMDBT, BT	催化剂	[43]
11	[C₄mpip][FeCl₄]	DBT, 4,6-DMDBT, BT	催化剂	[44]
12	[C₄mim]₃[Fe(CN)₆]	DBT, 4,6-DMDBT, BT	催化剂	[45]
13	[C₈³MPy][FeCl₄]	DBT	萃取剂/催化剂	[46]
14	[Me₃NCH₂C₆H₅Cl]·[2ZnCl₂]	DBT	萃取剂/催化剂	[47]

图4 表面活性剂型多酸催化剂用于反应型萃取提取模型油中硫化物[36]

Fig.4 Surfactant-type polyacid catalyst for reaction-type extraction of sulfides from model oil [36]

表2 不同离子液体活化O2用于反应型萃取脱硫

Table 2 Ionic liquids for reactive extraction desulfurization using activated O2 as the oxidant

序号	离子液体	硫化物类型	萃取剂/催化剂	文献
1	[Bmim][BF₄]	DBT, 4,6-DMDBT, 4-MDBT	萃取剂	[65]
2	[C₁₈H₃₇N(CH₃)₃]₅[PV₂Mo₁₀O₄₀]	DBT	催化剂	[66]
3	[(C₁₈H₃₇)₂N(CH₃)₂]₃[Co(OH)₆Mo₆O₁₈]·3H₂O	DBT, 4,6-DMDBT, BT	催化剂	[67]
4	[C_nmim]₃[H₃V₁₀O₂₈]	DBT, 4-MDBT, 4,6-DMDBT	催化剂	[68]
5	[(C₈H₁₇)₃NCH₃]₃[PMo₁₂O₄₀]	DBT, 4-MDBT, 4,6-DMDBT	催化剂	[69]
6	[(C₈H₁₇)₃NCH₃]₃[H₃V₁₀O₂₈]	DBT, 4-MDBT, 4,6-DMDBT	催化剂	[70]
7	[C₄VIM][PMoV]	DBT, 4-MDBT, 4,6-DMDBT	催化剂	[71]
8	[PyPS]₃[Co(OH)₆Mo₆O₁₈]	DBT, 4,6-DMDBT, BT	催化剂	[72]
9	[(NH₄)₃Co(OH)₆][Mo₆O₁₈]	DBT, 4,6-DMDBT, BT	催化剂	[73]
10	[(CH₃)₃NCH₂CH₂OH]_x[Na_5-_xIMo₆O₂₄]	DBT, 4,6-DMDBT, BT	催化剂	[74]

图5 离子液体反应型萃取脱硫乳液体系[66]

Fig.5 Ionic liquid-based emulsion reaction-type extraction desulfurization system[66]

图6 [(C18H37)2N(CH3)2]3[Co(OH)6Mo6O18]·3H2O活化氧气反应型萃取脱硫机理[67]

Fig.6 Mechanism of [(C18H37)2N(CH3)2]3[Co(OH)6Mo6O18]·3H2O for reaction-type extraction desulfurization using oxygen as the oxidant[67]

图7 光强化反应型萃取脱硫[79]

Fig.7 Photo promoted reaction-type extractive desulfurization[79]

图8 微波场强化离子液体反应型萃取脱硫[83]1—nitrogen cylinder；2—input pressure gauge;3—output pressure gauge;4—control valve;5—organic phase injection;6—aqucous phase injection;7—piezoelectric transducer;8—amplifier;9—titanium probe;10—jackcted ss-316 reactor;11—thermometer;12—drain valve;13—pressure gauge;14—regulator;15—vent;16—power supply;17—cold water bath;18—circulation pump

Fig.8 Microwave field enhanced ionic liquid reaction-type extractive desulfurization[83]

图9 磁性分离离子液体用于反应型萃取脱硫[55]

Fig.9 Magnetic ionic liquid for reaction-type extractive desulfurization[55]

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