催化热解生物质生成左旋葡聚糖酮的研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200596

化工学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 71 ›› Issue (12): 5376-5387.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20200596

催化热解生物质生成左旋葡聚糖酮的研究进展

钱乐^1,²(),蒋丽群¹(),岳元茂¹,赵增立¹

^1.中国科学院可再生能源重点实验室，广东省新能源和可再生能源研究开发与应用重点实验室，中国科学院广州能源研究所，广东广州 510640
^2.中国科学技术大学纳米科学技术学院，江苏苏州 215213

收稿日期:2020-05-18 修回日期:2020-06-10 出版日期:2020-12-05 发布日期:2020-12-05
通讯作者: 蒋丽群
作者简介:钱乐（1996—），男，硕士研究生，qianle@mail.ustc.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51606204);广东省科技计划项目(2017A020216007);广州市科技计划项目(201707010236)

Research progress of catalytic pyrolysis of biomass to yield levoglucosenone

QIAN Le^1,²(),JIANG Liqun¹(),YUE Yuanmao¹,ZHAO Zengli¹

^1.CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
^2.Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China

Received:2020-05-18 Revised:2020-06-10 Online:2020-12-05 Published:2020-12-05
Contact: JIANG Liqun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

左旋葡聚糖酮（LGO）在有机合成领域有巨大的应用价值，快速热解生物质制取左旋葡聚糖酮是生物质能开发与利用的研究热点。目前LGO的应用主要受到其产量的限制：一是没有较好的化学合成方法，二是常规热解生物质得到的产物中左旋葡聚糖酮的含量极低，使得LGO难以大量生产。催化热解可以显著提高左旋葡聚糖酮的产率，目前用于催化热解生物质制取左旋葡聚糖酮的各类催化剂，包括液体酸、固体酸、金属氯化物、离子液体等均取得了一定的成果，但效果差异明显，因此分析了不同催化剂间的优势与劣势，并对以后的工作进行了展望。

关键词: 左旋葡聚糖酮, 生物质, 催化热解, 催化剂, 固体酸, 离子液体

Abstract:

Levoglucosenone (LGO) has great applicable value in the field of organic synthesis. The rapid pyrolysis of biomass to produce LGO is a research hotspot in the development and utilization of biomass energy. The application of LGO is mainly limited by its yield: first, it is difficult to prepare LGO by chemical synthesis, and second, the content of LGO in the products obtained by conventional pyrolysis biomass is extremely low, making LGO challenge to produce in large quantities. Catalytic pyrolysis can significantly increase the yield of LGO. Currently, various catalysts which used to prepare LGO, including liquid acid, solid acid, metal chloride and ionic liquid, have achieved evident results, but the effects are individually different. The difference in catalytic effect of various catalysts are analyzed, and a brief conclusion for the challenge in this topic is provided.

Key words: levoglucosenone, biomass, catalytic pyrolysis, catalyst, solid acids, ionic liquids

中图分类号:

TQ 480.10

钱乐,蒋丽群,岳元茂,赵增立. 催化热解生物质生成左旋葡聚糖酮的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(12): 5376-5387.

QIAN Le,JIANG Liqun,YUE Yuanmao,ZHAO Zengli. Research progress of catalytic pyrolysis of biomass to yield levoglucosenone[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(12): 5376-5387.

图/表 9

图1 左旋葡聚糖酮化学式

Fig.1 Chemical structure of LGO

图2 微型石英管与CDS裂解探针

Fig.2 Miniature quartz tube and CDS pyrolysis probe

图3 实验室常用生物质热解转化固定床[28]

Fig.3 Biomass pyrolysis conversion fixed bed commonly used in laboratory[28]

图4 催化热解纤维素两步转化生成LGO装置图[29]

Fig.4 Device for catalyzing pyrolysis cellulose two-step conversion to yield LGO[29]

表1 不同催化剂催化生物质热解制取LGO

Table 1 Different catalysts for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass to obtain LGO

反应底物	催化剂	反应器	热解条件	产率/%(质量)	相对含量/%	文献
纤维素	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	500℃		34	[31]
桦木	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	500℃		17	[31]
玉米芯	硫酸	CDS Pyroprobe	300℃	4.9		[32]
纤维素	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	350℃	22.3		[35]
桦木	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	350℃	21.08		[36]
纤维素	Fe³⁺	CDS Pyroprobe	500℃		40.7	[37]
纤维素	磷酸	烤箱	620 W	7.65		[38]
纤维素	磷酸	烧瓶与加热套	225℃	12		[39]
木质纤维素	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	375℃		29~30	[40]
稻壳	NH₄H₂PO₄	CDS Pyroprobe	390℃		34.65	[41]
纤维素	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	873 K		51.0	[42]
纤维素	磷酸铵	CDS Pyroprobe	873 K		30.9	[42]
玉米芯	硫酸	固定床反应器	800 K	4.5		[43]
甘蔗渣	硫酸	固定床反应器	270℃	7.58		[44]
纤维素	蒙脱石K10	卧式烤箱	350℃	2.9		[45]
纤维素	黏土催化剂	微波热解器	180℃	12.3		[46]
杨木	固体磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	300℃	8.2		[28]
纤维素	固体磷酸	固定床反应器	325℃		85	[47]
纤维素	磷酸活性炭	CDS Pyroprobe	300℃	18.1		[48]
纤维素	磷酸活性炭	固定床反应器	300℃	14.7		[48]
纤维素	磷酸铁	固定床反应器	350℃		32.7	[49]
纤维素	$S O 4 2 -$ /ZrO₂	小型热解炉	335℃	8.14		[50]
纤维素	$S O 4 2 -$ /TiO₂	CDS Pyroprobe	400℃		60	[51]
纤维素	$S O 4 2 -$ /TiO₂-Fe₃O₄	CDS Pyroprobe	300℃	15.4		[52]
纤维素	[BMMIM]CF₃SO₃	玻璃管反应器	350℃	22.0		[53]
纤维素	[BMMIM]CF₃SO₃	玻璃管反应器	300℃	18.1~29.7		[29]
纤维素	[BMMIM]CF₃SO₃	固定床与重整器	380℃	31.6		[54]
纤维素	[BMMIM]OTf	固定床与重整器	500℃	16.6		[55]

表1 不同催化剂催化生物质热解制取LGO

Table 1 Different catalysts for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass to obtain LGO

反应底物	催化剂	反应器	热解条件	产率/%(质量)	相对含量/%	文献
纤维素	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	500℃		34	[31]
桦木	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	500℃		17	[31]
玉米芯	硫酸	CDS Pyroprobe	300℃	4.9		[32]
纤维素	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	350℃	22.3		[35]
桦木	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	350℃	21.08		[36]
纤维素	Fe³⁺	CDS Pyroprobe	500℃		40.7	[37]
纤维素	磷酸	烤箱	620 W	7.65		[38]
纤维素	磷酸	烧瓶与加热套	225℃	12		[39]
木质纤维素	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	375℃		29~30	[40]
稻壳	NH₄H₂PO₄	CDS Pyroprobe	390℃		34.65	[41]
纤维素	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	873 K		51.0	[42]
纤维素	磷酸铵	CDS Pyroprobe	873 K		30.9	[42]
玉米芯	硫酸	固定床反应器	800 K	4.5		[43]
甘蔗渣	硫酸	固定床反应器	270℃	7.58		[44]
纤维素	蒙脱石K10	卧式烤箱	350℃	2.9		[45]
纤维素	黏土催化剂	微波热解器	180℃	12.3		[46]
杨木	固体磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	300℃	8.2		[28]
纤维素	固体磷酸	固定床反应器	325℃		85	[47]
纤维素	磷酸活性炭	CDS Pyroprobe	300℃	18.1		[48]
纤维素	磷酸活性炭	固定床反应器	300℃	14.7		[48]
纤维素	磷酸铁	固定床反应器	350℃		32.7	[49]
纤维素	$S O 4 2 -$ /ZrO₂	小型热解炉	335℃	8.14		[50]
纤维素	$S O 4 2 -$ /TiO₂	CDS Pyroprobe	400℃		60	[51]
纤维素	$S O 4 2 -$ /TiO₂-Fe₃O₄	CDS Pyroprobe	300℃	15.4		[52]
纤维素	[BMMIM]CF₃SO₃	玻璃管反应器	350℃	22.0		[53]
纤维素	[BMMIM]CF₃SO₃	玻璃管反应器	300℃	18.1~29.7		[29]
纤维素	[BMMIM]CF₃SO₃	固定床与重整器	380℃	31.6		[54]
纤维素	[BMMIM]OTf	固定床与重整器	500℃	16.6		[55]

图5 酸催化LG转化生成LGO的路径

Fig.5 Acid-catalyzed conversion of LG to LGO

图6 非催化条件与H3PO4催化下LG转化为LGO的路径

Fig.6 Non-catalytic and H3PO4 catalyzed conversion of LG to LGO

图7 酸催化纤维素热解生成LGO路径

Fig.7 Acid-catalyzed pyrolysis of cellulose to LGO pathway

图8 离子液体[BMMIM]CF3SO3催化LG生成LGO的路径

Fig.8 Ionic liquid [BMMIM]CF3SO3 catalyzes the conversion of LG to LGO

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催化热解生物质生成左旋葡聚糖酮的研究进展

Research progress of catalytic pyrolysis of biomass to yield levoglucosenone

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