Higee (high gravity) technology, which is carried out in rotating packed bed (RPB), is one of the typical chemical process intensification technologies. Due to its small size, high mass transfer and high separation efficiency, it has been successfully applied in the chemical process on offshore platform. The structure and principle of RPB was introduced, and the related works was summarized in terms of fundamental research, mathematic modeling and CFD simulation of RPB, which provides theoretical support for the wide application of Higee technology. Finally, the industrial application of natural gas dehydration, desulfurization and water deoxidation in the oil and gas production of offshore platforms by supergravity technology is introduced.

CO₂ capture and separation (CCS) is a key step to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and develop renewable energy. The trade-off between the rate and efficiency in the CO₂ separation process cannot be solved with the traditional process intensification. Using nano-interface to realize process intensification has been widely used in the chemical process with multi-phase transfer, and CO₂ separation is one of examples. This review summarizes the research work from the establishment of CO₂ transfer model at nano-interface and the resistance regulation, the acquisition of the CO₂ chemical potentials at equilibrium and at the nano-interface (the driving force regulation) and the molecular simulation analysis of the interface enhancement mechanism. Based on the theoretical studies, the resistance distribution for the CO₂ separation process in a real absorption tower is further analyzed and a “three-stage strengthening scheme” is proposed to decrease the investment and operating costs.

Microneedle arrays, which can avoid the barrier effect of the stratum corneum and enhance the permeability across skin for hydrophilic drugs and biological macromolecules, are a novel model for transdermal drug delivery. Microneedle arrays have been widely studied because they are featured with painless, minimally invasive and efficient properties. There are many polymeric materials and manufacturing methods for polymeric microneedle arrays; therefore, the polymeric microneedle arrays not only have the advantages of other microneedle arrays, but also have the advantages of good biocompatibility, safety, accurate and controllable drug loading and low cost, etc. The polymeric microneedle arrays are the most widely studied and most promising microneedle arrays. This paper systematically reviews the main preparation methods of polymer array microneedles and the latest research progress in transdermal drug delivery systems.

Graphene, as a two-dimensional nanosheet with the thickness of monoatomic layer, has become a unit of high-performance carbon capture membranes due to its unique physical property. The ultrathin thickness of graphene-based membranes is conducive to the preparation of ultrathin membranes in order to improve the flux of separation membranes. Upon that, the adjustable physicochemical property endows multiple microenvironment within the two-dimensional channel of graphene. In view of the multiple mass transfer mechaisms of CO₂ separation membranes, it highlights the strategies and progress of precision controllable of physiochemical microenviroment within the two-dimensional channel of graphene in recent years. Expecting to provide a clear thinking for the reasonable design and controllable equipment of graphene-based CO₂ separation membranes.

Biominerals, such as teeth, bones and shells, have multi-level ordered structure and excellent mechanical properties, and are the crystallization products of mineralization under the control of biomineralization process. The strategies for the control of crystallization in biomineralization would be good examples for a better understanding of the process control and the molecular engineering in chemical engineering. Taking the bio/biomimetic-mineralization of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate systems as an example, the fundamental principles of biomineralization, such as biominerals/solution interface, the molecular recognitions between biominerals and biomatrix, the advanced molecular control of crystallization and biomimetic fabrications of biominerals-liked hybrid materials are reviewed and discussed in view of the paradigm of“the information transfer and transformation”in chemical engineering, which would be of great helpful for the future development of chemical engineering for solving the global problems of the exponential increased demand in water, energy and commodities with limited resources by using the green and high efficiency biomineralization technology.

Ionic liquids (ILs) are regarded as excellent substitutes for traditional solvents in chemical industry. When they are used for capturing condensable gases, they have the advantages of less solvent loss, no corrosion and strong stability. Some ILs have the strong water absorption power, thus receiving wide attention in the field of gas drying. This review introduces the predictive molecular thermodynamic model for predicting the solubility of gases in ILs and the experimental measurement method on gas solubility. The drying mechanism and process of ILs for CH₄, CO₂ and other gases were analyzed. Finally, the basic research of ILs for gas drying is prospected.

Green and efficient battery and electrocatalytic reactions are essential requirements for sustainable development. Green and sustainable development is deemed as the demands of the new age, thus green battery and green electrocatalysis is urgently required. Achieving green and efficient battery and electrocatalytic reaction is a fundamental requirement for green chemistry and sustainable development. One of the key factors is the selection of electrolytes with high efficiency and the selection of solvents for synthesizing efficient electrode materials. Previous study mainly focused on the utilization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ionic liquids. However, the high volatility of VOCs would lead to high air pollution and thus endanger human health; the high price, high instability and complex synthesizing procedure of ionic liquids would also hinder the wide application of ionic liquids. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are new type of green electrolytes and solvents. Compared with traditional solvents and electrolytes (such as ionic liquids, water, and supercritical carbon dioxide), DESs have the advantages of simple synthesis, low price, high biocompatibility, and high designability. Therefore, DESs have great application prospects in the field of battery and electrocatalysis. However, there is not a large amount of literature reports or a review of systematical conclusion. It is necessary to review the field of DESs application in battery and electrocatalytic reaction. The contents of this review include (1) DESs as green electrolytes for batteries and electrocatalytic reaction, which includes solar cells, flow redox cell, lithium ion battery, aluminum battery, sodium battery, zinc battery, supercapacitor, carbon dioxide electroreduction, nitrogen electrocatalysis, oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, water splitting reaction and ethanol electrochemical oxidation; (2) DESs for preparation electrode materials in battery and electrocatalytic reaction; (3) DESs as a solvent for recycling electrode materials; (4) Outlook and related issues. This review would be helpful to design new types of DESs for achieving efficient and green battery and electrocatalysis.

Enzymatic reactive distillation which combines the enzyme-catalyzed reaction with distillation process can be used to break the limitation of reaction equilibrium and improve the conversion and selectivity effectively. It is a new process intensification technology. In this paper, the progress of enzymatic reactive distillation coupling technology is reviewed from the enzyme catalyst and its catalytic reaction mechanism, the packing method of enzyme catalyst, the coupling mode of enzyme reaction and distillation process and several application cases. It shows that current development of enzyme reactive distillation coupling technique is not mature. The enzyme-catalyzed reactive distillation is quite different with the reactive distillation catalyzed by chemical catalyst. And the influences of parameters such as reaction temperature, substrate concentration on enzyme catalytic activity should be considered. In the future, the strengthening research can be carried out from the research system, enzyme immobilization technology, enzyme catalyst loading mode, enzyme reactive distillation theory research, enzyme reactive distillation coupling process development and so on.

As a new type of green solvent, ionic liquids (ILs) have shown unique properties and potential application value in carbon monoxide (CO) absorption and separation. In this paper, the recent research progress of CO absorption and separation by ILs has been reviewed, including the traditional ILs, anion functionalized ILs, ILs/ Cu(Ⅰ) salts and supported IL membranes (SILMs). The solubility of CO in ILs and the selectivity to other gases are mainly discussed, which is compared to the performance of carbon dioxide (CO₂) absorption by ILs. The effect of the type of anion, cation, and substituent, temperature and pressure on the ability of CO absorption and separation by ILs was summarized, and the mechanism of CO absorption by ILs was introduced. Finally, some suggestions on the design and synthesis of new functional ILs for the efficient absorption and separation of CO are put forward.

Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial densely packed into a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice by a flat single-layer carbon atom. Graphene has excellent optical, electrical and mechanical properties and has important application prospects in biomedicine and materials science. With the wide application of graphene in scientific research, its biosafety issues are also received huge attention. Although a large number of studies have shown that graphene has good biocompatibility, some studies have found that graphene has certain biological toxicity. Graphene could interact with proteins, lipids and nucleic acids etc. Because it could permeate through the skin due to its small particle size. Recently, computer simulation has been widely used in the field of biology, chemistry and pharmaceutics etc. due to its low cost, high safety and easy access to dynamic structures which cannot be directly obtained by available experiment technologies. Therefore, in this paper, the computer simulation of the biotoxicity of graphene to cell membrane, proteins and DNA were reviewed, which may provide a reference for graphene biosafety evaluation and biomedical applications.

Focusing on the problems in science, technology and engineering of catalytic reaction kinetic, catalyst particle engineering design, reactor analysis and process systems development, this work extended a computer-aided method for catalytic reaction engineering research and process development on the basis of the development work blocks established by the former ministry of chemical industry of China and the development requirements of high-technology institute s research and development. The extended method stressed the importance of computer-aided simulation in the multi-scale research and development, aiming to shorten research and development cycle and ensure high-efficient project implementation. At the same time, the related developments of catalytic reaction engineering research and process system development are reviewed, discussed and prospected.

Due to its special structure and properties, ionic liquids have shown good results in the application of cellulose pretreatment. Relevant physical property data is indispensable in promoting the industrialization of ionic liquids. In this study, ionic liquid 1, 3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate ([Mmim][DMP]) was synthesized and the densities and viscosities for the binary systems of [Mmim][DMP] with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or acetonitrile were measured in the temperature range from (293.15 to 323.15) K over the whole concentration. Then volume properties and excess property data was calculated and fitted. Based on the data of apparent molar volume V_{?} , apparent molar volume at infinite dilution V_{?}^{\mathrm{\infty }} , partial molar volume \stackrel{\text{?}}{V} , excess molar volume V ^E, and molecular simulation results, the influence of the interaction between IL and solvents and hydrogen bonds formed between IL and DMSO (or acetonitrile) were analyzed.

Group Ⅲ phosphides are one kind of important semiconductors, and the prediction of their thermodynamic properties is a basis of the design and application of these materials. Within the framework of density functional theory and the phonon model, the structural and thermodynamic properties as well as thermal expansion coefficients of boron phosphide, aluminum phosphide, gallium phosphide and indium phosphide were systematically investigated in the temperature range of 0—1000 K. The calculated lattice parameters for group Ⅲ phosphides are in good agreement with available experimental and other calculation results. It was also found by anharmonic approximation that the thermodynamic properties such as enthalpy, entropy and coefficient of thermal expansion increase monotonously with the increase of temperature, while the heat capacity approaches the Dulong-Petit limit at high temperatures (>700 K). The calculated values are in consistence with available experimental data, indicating that the used theoretical method is reliable for the prediction of thermodynamic properties of these semiconductors.

Thermodynamic model is an important tool to study fluid phase behaviour and thermodynamic properties.The effective application of theoretical model is inseparable from the determination of model parameters. To endow the prediction function of the thermodynamic model, the current strategy is to establish the group contribution(GC) equation of state(EOS), and to explore the theoretical prediction method of the parameters of the thermodynamic model. Based on the previously developed equations of state for square-well chain fluids with variable well-width range(GC-SWCF-VR ), the group contribution equations of state for square-well chain fluids(GC-SWCF) were established, and the contribution values of different groups to model parameters were obtained by using group contribution method. It was proved that the density of pure substences can be predicted satisfactorily by GC-SWCF. Combining conductor-like screening model(COSMO) with SWCF, the model parameters of SWCF equation for 192 organic compounds were obtained based on COSMO method, which is a theoretical method to determine model parameters without relying on experimental data. It is found that COSMO+SWCF can predict the density of pure substences. Using one temperature-independent binary interaction adjustable parameter, both GC-SWCF and COSMO+SWCF can be applied to the calculation of densities and vapor-liquid equilibrium for binary mixture.

In this work, an isothermal dissolution method was used to study the phase equilibria for the quaternary system (CaCl₂-CaSO₄-CaB₆O₁₀-H₂O) at 308.15 K. The solubilities, densities, refractive indices and pH were investigated experimentally. According to the experimental data, the phase diagram, water-phase diagram and the diagrams on physicochemical properties including density, refractive index and pH against composition were plotted. The phase diagrams for the quaternary system at 308.15 K include one invariant point, three univariate solubility curves and three crystalline regions corresponding to CaCl₂·4H₂O, gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) and gowerite (CaB₆O₁₀·5H₂O). The crystallizing area of gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) is the largest, the gowerite (CaB₆O₁₀·5H₂O) is the second, and the CaCl₂·4H₂O is the smallest, indicating that the gypsum is most easily crystallized. In addition, the quaternary system was of the hydrate type I, neither double salt nor solid solution were formed. The physicochemical properties change regularly with the increasing of CaCl₂ concentration and appeared a turning point at invariant point. The distributive behaviors of density and refractive index against the concentration of calcium chloride in the equilibrium solution are similar. On the contrary, the change law of pH is opposite. The phase equilibrium study of quaternary system (CaCl₂-CaSO₄-CaB₆O₁₀-H₂O) will provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of calcium and boron resources in oilfield brines.

1,3,5-Trioxane is industrially produced from aqueous formaldehyde solutions through reaction distillation catalyzed by sulfuric acid. Optimizing industrial process of the synthesis and developing new catalysts have attracted extensive attention. It is necessary to establish a vapor-liquid equilibrium model of the reaction system and reveal the multiple functions that the catalyst may play in the synthesis of 1,3,5-trioxane. For this reason, experimental data for the vapor-liquid equilibrium of (formaldehyde + 1,3,5-trioxane + H₂SO₄ + water) system are measured. The extended UNIFAC model is used for correlating the vapor-liquid equilibrium data, and the model parameters are determined, whereby systematic calculation is made. The results show that the sulfuric acid catalyst has triple functions in the reaction distillation process. The above results are of great significance for optimizing the production process of 1,3,5-trioxane and developing new catalysts.

With respect to the application of ionic liquids in extractive distillation, this paper deals with some details of a synthetic method for liquid phase composition, while the vapor phase sample is analyzed, for the measurement of vapor-liquid equilibrium for systems containing ionic liquids. Basic ideas were from the quasi-static method, the exchanging method, and a structure of boiler featuring the active supply of vaporization center, which were developed by the research group of Prof. Shijun Han. Modified structures were presented for the droplet circulation of vapor phase and the boiler. A calculational procedure was presented for the liquid phase composition for systems containing several volatile and non-volatile components. Estimation of uncertainties was also presented. The method proposed provides experimental results for activity coefficients of the volatile components without the need of the relatively complicated analysis of the liquid phase sample containing ionic liquids. Through a procedure of repeated synthesis, trend of activity coefficients can be obtained with the variation of the composition. The method can be used for evaluation and screening of solvents for extractive distillation.

The solid-liquid equilibrium data of two natural sweeteners, stevioside and rebiana, in different pure solvents were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at a temperature range of 288.15—328.15 K. From the experimental data, it was found that the solubility increased with the rising temperature in all studied solvents. The obtained values for the solubility of steviol glycoside and rebiana in pure solvents were correlated with the three-parameter equation and NRTL models. The results showed that two models can accurately correlate the solubility data obtained in this work. According to the solubility data obtained, the separation of steviol glycoside and rebiana and the selection of solvent for crystallization and purification are guided. According to the solubility data obtained, the separation of steviol glycoside and rebiana and the selection of solvent for crystallization and purification are guided.

This paper is focused on improving the quality of the extracted oil and the yield of raffinate oil in the furfural process. Retrofit scheme for furfural refining process is proposed, figuring out the low separation efficiency of saturated and aromatic components. Adopting the virtual component method, the lubricating oil components are simplified into saturated, aromatic and polar component. The NRTL model is employed to predict the liquid phase equilibrium data at various temperature. With the analysis of temperature and solvent, the phase equilibrium temperature is the key point to affect the composition of liquid-liquid equilibrium and mass transfer efficiency. Based on the analysis of extraction process by phase diagram, a multi-stage extraction liquid recovery system for separating the extracted oil by temperature reduction step was proposed, resolving the difficulty of operating at lower temperatures. The simulation calculation was carried out in combination with the practical furfural refining unit. The results showed that designing a multi-stage extraction liquid recovery system，the solvent ratio, the heat and cold utility in the extraction process increased slightly. However, the yield of the raffinate oil is increased by more than 10%, and the quality of extracted oil is significantly improved. The separation efficiency in lubricating furfural refining is greatly improved.

In this paper, by the dynamic balance method, the solubility of dipentaerythritol (DPE) in water+(Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol) mixed solvents were evaluated from 293.15 K to 332.80 K under atmospheric pressure. The results showed that the solubility of DPE in different mass fractions of water + (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol) mixed solvents increases with the increasing of temperature. At the same temperature, the solubility in the selected solvent system increases first and then decreases with the increase of the mass fraction of methanol, ethanol or isopropanol. Experimental solubility data were correlated by three thermodynamic models including λh equation, the two parameters equation and the modified Apelblat equation. All the selected models give useful result in regression analysis of solubility. By the modified van t Hoff equation, the calculated Δ_sol H ⁰, Δ_sol S ⁰ and Δ_sol G ⁰ of DPE in the selected solvent system are all positive, indicating that the dissolution process is endothermic, entropic and non spontaneous.

CO₂ enhanced oil recovery technique uses CO₂ to extract the remaining oil trapped in the stratum to enhance oil recovery and achieve CO₂ landfill. Since CO₂ can reduce the interfacial tension of crude oil, the interfacial tension data of CO₂-crude oil system is an important basic data of CO₂ Enhanced Oil recovery process. In this work, the interfacial tension data of CO₂-cyclopentane/cyclohexane/cyclooctane/toluene/ethylbenzene/ethylcyclohexane were measured by pendent drop method at 40—120℃ in the pressure range of 0.27—14.70 MPa. The effects of pressure, temperature, carbon number and molecular structures on interfacial tension are analyzed. The results show that the interfacial tension values decrease with the pressure increasing when the temperature is constant. And at lower pressure, interfacial tension values decrease with the temperature increasing. But at higher pressure, it shows an opposite trend. The interfacial tension values of CO₂-similar morphology structure increase with the carbon number. And the intermolecular forces have a certain effect on the interfacial tension. One empirical model for the interfacial tension is presented by analyzing the influences of these factors and summarizing the experimental data of CO₂-crude oil (n-alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons) binary system. In the model, the temperature, the pressure, the carbon number and the acentric factor were considered. The square of the correlation coefficient (R ²), root mean square error (RMSE) and average relative deviation (AARD) were 0.958, 1.12, 11.01% respectively.

A high-speed camera was used to study the dispersion of droplets and bubbles in a stepped T-microchannel embedded in a capillary. Effects of two-phase flow, viscosity and surfactant on the flow pattern and the size of droplet and bubble were investigated. The results show that for the droplet dispersion system, the flow pattern is determined by the concentration of the surfactant and the continuous phase flow rate. The flow pattern changes from dripping flow to jetting flow as the two factors increase. For the bubble dispersion system, only the squeezing and dripping flow patterns exist. Addition of the surfactant has almost no effect on the bubble dispersion. The droplet and bubble size could be much smaller than channel size. Mathematical models for predicting the dispersion size in different systems are established, and the models have good prediction performances.

In gas-liquid-solid three-phase reactors, the great challenges for image detection of flow parameters have been caused by the complex background with particles. An image analysis method of gas-liquid-solid three-phase reactor based on deep-learning is developed, which includes four steps: collecting image, making training set, establishing image recognition model and extracting flow parameters. The full convolutional neural network algorithm was chosen to build the identification model, and when the learning rate was set as 0.005, the number of epochs was set as 2000 and the training set size was set as 400 images in this model, the identification error of the model is less than 5%. The flow parameters such as local phase fractions (gas fraction and liquid fraction) and its spatial distribution, time series signals were obtained by the method. Then time domain analysis, frequency analysis, wavelet analysis and other analysis methods were used to extract the quadratic parameters from the spatial distribution and time series signals. And the quadratic parameters could be used to identify flow regimes, predict pressure drop and detect the uniformity of gas-liquid distribution. Furthermore, the method was applied to the detection of flow parameters in a trickle bed. The results showed that the time-domain variation, power spectrum density and probability density distribution of liquid fractions were used to distinguish the trickle flow, pulse flow and bubble flow. Meanwhile, the flow regime boundary was detected by characteristic parameters such as mean, standard deviation, range and half-width of probability density distribution curve of liquid fractions. The pressure drop in the trickle flow regime was predicted by the average liquid fraction, and the average relative deviation between the theoretical and experimental measurements was about 15%. In addition, the standard deviation of liquid fractions in the spatial distribution was used to detect the uniformity of gas-liquid distribution of different flow regimes in the trickle bed. This method provides a new tool for the research of gas-liquid-solid three-phase reactors.

A series of materials were prepared by modifying titanium based metal-organic framework material NH₂-MIL-125 with hydrogen peroxide at a certain temperature. The effects of modification methods and conditions on the properties of materials were studied systematically. However, NH₂-MIL-125 as a photocatalyst suffers from low catalytic activity and stability, which largely restrict its practical applications. In order to improve the catalytic activity of NH₂-MIL-125, a solvothermal route by using H₂O₂ was used to modify NH₂-MIL-125. A series of materials were synthesized by treating NH₂-MIL-125 with different volumes of H₂O₂ at different temperatures. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, ultraviolet-visible light absorption spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and N₂ adsorption analysis were used to characterize the structures and properties of the obtained product. Furthermore, their photocatalytic performances for the visible-light-driven oxidation of benzyl alcohol were tested. The results show that the product modified by 10 ml H₂O₂ at 50℃ exhibits excellent catalytic activity and selectivity. The maximum turnover frequency is nearly 6 times as high as that of NH₂-MIL-125 at the same experimental conditions. The partial loss of organic ligands and the introduction of peroxide groups could generate more catalytic-active sites, which is responsible for the improved catalytic activity.

Carbohydrates are an important part of biomass and can be converted into a series of high value-added chemicals through catalytic conversion, which has the advantages of high economic value, environmental friendliness and sustainability. Isomerization of glucose into fructose is a key step in the process. Herein, four basic functional ionic liquids: [HOEtMim]Phen, [EMim]Phen, [HOEtMim]Im, [Ch]Phen were synthesized and their catalytic performances on glucose isomerization were investigated. A comparison of direct transformation and catalysts combined with sodium borate complex was discussed. It showed that four basic ionic liquids exhibit good catalytic activities, but fructose is easily to be further degraded. While ionic liquids added with sodium borate obtain much higher fructose yields. It indicates that sodium borate plays an important role in both protective agent and synergistic catalysis. [Ch]Phen added with sodium borate is the most efficient. The basic structure parameters of [Ch]Phen were further characterized by ¹H NMR, FT-IR and TG-DTG techniques. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, the dosage of catalyst and sodium borate on the isomerization and the optimal reaction conditions were investigated by single factor method. The yield of fructose is up to 64.7% with a high selectivity of 73.1% under the optimum condition at 70℃ within 7 min.

A tetravalent supported iron catalyst is prepared by chemical reduction and oxidized to a Fe³⁺ basic active center by air. The activity and selectivity of the catalyst in the transesterification of propylene carbonate with methanol to prepare dimethyl carbonate were evaluated. The prepared catalysts were characterized by N₂ adsorption-desorption, TEM, XRD, XPS and CO₂-TPD. Compared with Fe or Ce single metal catalyst, the basic amount of Fe-Ce/SiO₂ catalyst is greatly improved, and the interaction between Fe and Ce formed a stable amorphous structure. Propylene carbonate conversion of 88% and dimethyl ester selectivity of 92% were reached under the reaction conditions of alcohol ester molar ratio of 15∶1, reaction temperature of 140℃, catalyst dosage of 0.5% of the total mass of the reactants, and Ce/Fe atomic ratio of 2∶1. The activity of the catalyst remained unchanged after 10 cycles of use.

The Sm addition effects on the reactivity and thermal stability of Pt/SBA-15 for catalytic complete oxidation of benzene were investigated. A simple method for recording the burning-off curves and the evaluation for the thermal stability of catalysts was adopted, that is, a constant flow of reaction gas was continuously introduced into a fixed bed reactor loaded with catalyst. The reaction temperature was increased step by step, and the on-line outlet concentrations of benzene were detected after time interval sampling. The burning-off curves could be recorded during this stage. After that, the reaction temperature was increased continuously, and kept at a certain value (e.g. 550℃), the on-line sampling analysis was kept at a set time. If necessary, the reaction temperature could be decreased step by step to check the activity variation of the catalyst. The results indicated that the activity order for four catalysts at lower temperature stage was Pt/SBA-15≈Pt/4%Sm₂O₃/SBA-15> Pt/Sm₂O₃> 4%Sm₂O₃/SBA-15, while the stability order at high temperature was Pt/4%Sm₂O₃/SBA-15> Pt/1.2%Sm₂O₃/SBA-15> Pt/SBA-15，Pt/Sm-SBA-15(SG)> Pt/SBA-15(SG). In conclusion, Sm can not improve the catalytic activity of Pt / SBA-15 at low temperature, but can significantly improve the stability of the catalyst at high temperature. At the same time, 1% Pt/4% Sm₂O₃ / SBA-15 has good catalytic activity at low temperature and high temperature stability, and has a good application prospect.

Two novel ether-based perrhenate ionic liquids 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-ethylimidazolium perrhenate ([C₂2O1Im][ReO₄]) and1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-3-ethylimidazolium perrhenate ([C₂2O2Im][ReO₄]) were synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR,¹³C NMR), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). As a sort of organic synthesis intermediates which is chemically active and easily converted into other substances, epoxy compounds occupy an extremely important position in various industries of national production. The epoxidation of olefins is an important way to synthesize epoxy compounds. Therefore, two novel ether-based perrhenate ionic liquids were used as catalyst and solvent in the reaction system of cyclooctene epoxidation to epoxycyclooctane, respectively. The effects of reaction temperature, time, oxidant amount, catalyst amount and its recycle were investigated systematically. The results showed that the yield was more than 90%, the reaction selectivity was more than 99%, the catalyst was cycled 5 times, and the yield did not decrease significantly.

The efficient separation of the SF₆/N₂ mixture has important practical significance for the recovery of SF₆ gas and the reduction of the greenhouse effect caused by its direct discharge. In this work, a metal–organic framework (Cu-MOF-OMe) was prepared with two different types and properties of pores. It possesses dually-functionalized characteristics of coordinatively unsaturated metal sites and methoxy groups, which exhibit good hydrothermal stability and adsorptive regenerability. This material also shows excellent separation performance for SF₆/N₂ mixture. At 298 K and 10⁵ Pa, the observed adsorption selectivity (361) and sorbent selection parameter (SSP) value (780) are highest compared to various porous materials reported so far. Theoretical calculation results indicated that the underlying reason of such excellent separation properties is attributed to the cooperative effects of the open Cu sites in the hydrophilic pores and the abundant methoxy groups in the hydrophobic pores. The findings may provide valuable foundation for developing highly efficient materials for practical of SF₆/N₂ separation.

Metal-organic framework MIL-101(Cr) is a kind of new membrane materials with large pore size and high porosity, which can greatly enhance CO₂ permeability for mixed matrix membranes. However, the blending with MIL-101(Cr) particles will lead to obvious decrease in CO₂ selectivity, mainly caused by the following two reasons: terephthalic acid, as organic legend in MIL-101(Cr), is low in CO₂ affinity relatively; particles after drying for activation, unable to be adequately dispersed in casting solution, would form defects in membranes. In response, two innovative attempts were carried through in this work. At first, amino-MIL-101(Cr) fillers were synthesized with 2-amino-terephthalic acid as organic legend, which could increase solution selectivity. Secondly, the retrofitted technique with MIL-101(Cr) activation after membrane fabrication was utilized to decrease defects caused by particle aggregation. FI-TR characterization revealed that amino-MIL-101(Cr) particles have been synthesized successfully. SEM images demonstrated that both MIL-101(Cr) and amino-MIL-101(Cr) particles can be evenly distributed in mixed matrix membranes through the retrofitted technique. Afterward, the membranes were fabricated with amino-MIL-101(Cr) blended in ethyl cellulose. Gas permeation tests revealed that the optimum particle loading is around 15%(mass). In this case, P_{\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}} is about 166 barrer (16.5% and 93.0% higher than MIL-101(Cr) blended and pristine membranes, respectively), while {\alpha }_{C{O}_{\mathrm{2}}\text{/}{N}_{\mathrm{2}}} is about 23.9 (25.3% and 17.1% higher than that of MIL-101(Cr) blended and pristine membranes, respectively). On the whole, the blending with amino-MIL-101(Cr) particles through casting-activation approach can significantly enhance CO₂ selective permeation in mixed matrix membranes.

ZSM-5 zeolites with different Si/Al ratios were synthesized by hydrothermal in situ method. The effect of Si/Al ratio on the structure and hydrophobicity of ZSM-5 was studied. The adsorption performance of ZSM-5 zeolites for toluene was investigated on a dynamic adsorption experimental device, and the adsorption isotherm equation of toluene on hydrophobic ZSM-5 was studied. The results show that the high-silicon ZSM-5 has good hydrophobicity, and its static water adsorption capacity is 0.014 g·g^-1. Under high humidity conditions, the toluene concentration of 1800 mg·m^-3, the GHSV of 25000 ml·h^-1·g^-1 and the temperature of 35℃, the breakthrough adsorption capacity of the synthesized ZSM-5 for toluene is 0.041 g·g^-1, and the toluene saturated adsorption capacity is 0.075 g·g^-1. The fitting of the adsorption isotherm showed that the adsorption of toluene on the hydrophobic ZSM-5 zeolites was in accordance with the Langmuir-Freundlich model.

G-quadruplex is a nonclassical secondary structure of nucleic acids, which is mainly found in guanine (G) - rich DNA or RNA sequences. The G-quadruplex in organism is mainly formed in the telomere region and the promoter region of some proto-oncogenes, which is an essential object of biomedical research. Although the anti-cancer strategy targeting G-quadruplex has been proposed many times, no successful clinical trials have been conducted so far. Therefore, the study of G-quadruplex ligand binding in the proto-oncogene promoter region can provide guiding suggestions for the design of targeted anti-cancer drugs. The binding mechanism of different isoquinoline alkaloids to G-quadruplex was studied by molecular dynamics simulation. The confirmation of the stable binding of four isoquinoline ligands to G-quadruplex and the dominant factors of the binding were obtained by studying the binding process of the four isoquinoline ligands to G-quadruplex. This work has deepened the microscopic understanding of the binding mechanism of isoquinoline alkaloids and G-quadruplex at the atomic and molecular level and has guiding significance for the design of anti-cancer drugs.

There is a potential application prospect of chitosan BNNTs composite carrier in the field of drug transport. It is important to understand the mechanism of the encapsulation and transport of drugs by chitosan-BNNTs from atomic level. Herein, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was employed to investigate the process of encapsulation and transmembrane delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) by chitosan-BNNTs. The anticancer drug DOX was used as a drug model. The free energy results indicate that DOX and chitosan can spontaneously enter the tube. It is also found that DOX can be adsorbed by the non-protonated chitosan and enter the tube in a suitable conformation. The interaction energy results show that phospholipid molecules can embed into BNNT (14,14) tubes, and extrude chitosan and DOX in the tube. This study can provide ideas for experiments to improve drug encapsulation efficiency and increase drug concentration on cancer cells.

The development of high efficient, economic and green SO₂ absorbers not only has a strong academic value, but also has a good application prospect. Herein, a series of ether-containing anion-functionalized ionic liquids were designed and prepared. The effect of ether on SO₂ absorption was investigated. The results indicated that SO₂ capacity increased significantly when ether was introduced on the anion. Furthermore, absorption capacity of SO₂ did not decrease obviously when the cation with a smaller molar mass tributyl ethyl phosphorus [P₄₄₄₂] was used. The effective absorption capacity of [P₄₄₄₂][2-CH₃OPhCOO] was 3.32 mol SO₂ per 1 mol IL at 20℃ and 10⁵ Pa, with the effective mass absorption of 0.56 g SO₂ per 1 g IL. The cycles of six absorption and desorption showed that SO₂ capture by [P₄₄₄₂][2-CH₃OPhCOO] was efficient and reversible. The method introducing ether to improve gas capture may be useful for other fields such as separation, catalyst and so on.

In recent years, DESs, which is composed of hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and hydrogen bond donor (HBD), is considered as a potential SO₂ adsorbent due to its properties similar to ionic liquids. To prepare the DESs with large absorption capacity for low pressure SO₂, reasonable price and good recycling performance, three ternary functionalized DESs of CC-Gly-Im, CC-PEG200-Im, CC-EG-Im were developed using choline chloride (CC) as HBA, imidazole (Im) as functional component, and cheap glycerol (Gly), PEG200, ethylene glycol (EG) as second HBD. The obtained DESs were further applied for experimental study for low pressure SO₂, focusing on the type of second HBD, the content of imidazole, and temperature on the absorption performance of SO₂. The results showed that PEG200 demonstrated the best property, and its DESs possessed moderate density and viscosity, satisfactory thermal stability and absorption capacity. The maximum absorption of CC-PEG200-Im (1∶2∶7) DESs for 1% SO₂ at 40℃ reached 0.236 g SO₂/g DES. The DESs presented stable absorption performance for SO₂ after five absorption-desorption cycles. The CC-PEG200-Im could absorb SO₂ by chemical interactions at the experimental conditions under ¹H NMR spectrum investigation.

The composite hydrogels of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and gellan gum (GG) are of interesting in the biomaterials application for its better biocompatibility. To improve the structure and mechanical properties of hydrogels, in this work, Mg²⁺ was introduced to crosslink the polymer chain, and the PVA/GG-Mg²⁺ hydrogel was formed. By analyzing its network structure, mechanical properties, swelling and dehydration kinetics, the effect of Mg²⁺ on the molecular interaction, hydrogel network structure and physical properties have been observed. The result indicates that, Mg²⁺ plays an important role in PVA/GG-Mg²⁺ hydrogel, it reorganizes the network structure, enhances the mechanical properties, strengthens the electrolytic and hydrogen bonding interactions, and improves the water holding property. The effect of the interaction between GG and Mg²⁺ is similar to the composite hydrogels of PVA/GG-Ca²⁺ and PVA/GG-Al³⁺. These observations will help the development of composite hydrogels in biomaterials application.

Silk fibroin-based polymer composites can be widely used in the fields of tissue engineering, biomedicine, and semiconductor materials. In this study, a novel silk fibroin/polylactic acid biocomposite film was prepared by physical-blending technique. Scanning electron microscope(SEM), Fourier transform infrared analysis(FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis were used to characterize the morphology, structure, phase components and thermal stability of the composite films with different proportions, and to explore their microstructure, interaction mechanism and thermal stability. The results showed that with the increase of silk fibroin content, the content of β-sheet increased, the content of α-helix and random coils decreased, and the glass transition temperature increased. Due to the interaction between silk fibroin and polylactic acid, which improved the thermal stability of the composite film.

Rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs is one of important factors leading to poor performance of semiconductor photocatalysts. Constructing a heterojunction is an effective method for separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. In the present work, g-C₃N₄-CdS-NiS₂ composite nanotube was synthesized via thermal condensation using urea and thiourea as precursors, and subsequent two-step hydrothermal reactions. The photocatalytic activity of g-C₃N₄-CdS-NiS₂ composite was investigated for H₂ generation from water using triethanolamine as sacrificial agent under visible light irradiation. The optimal g-C₃N₄-CdS-NiS₂ composite with the content of CdS 10%(mass) produced H₂ at a rate of 50.9 μmol·h^-1, which is 25 times and 11 times of that of pure g-C₃N₄ nanotube and g-C₃N₄-CdS (NiS₂) binary composite, respectively. Moreover, cyclic photocatalytic experiments demonstrated the high stability of g-C₃N₄-CdS-NiS₂ composite. The improvement in the photocatalytic performance for H₂ production can be mainly attributed to the formation of heterojunction between CdS, NiS₂ and g-C₃N₄ nanotubes, which is beneficial to the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.

Ordered mesoporous carbon is a kind of nanostructured material with regular pore structure, high specific surface area and large pore volume. It is also a very good carrier material. Meanwhile, transition metal carbides have a series of properties that are similar to precious metals because of their structural characteristics. They can be used as catalysts with high activity in theory for heterogeneous catalytic processes to replace precious metals. However, transition metal carbides greatly affect the catalytic activity due to their low specific surface area and large particle size. Therefore, a variety of ordered mesoporous carbon-supported transition metal carbides were synthesized by molten salt method, and the samples were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD and BET. The results show that the method can form carbon-supported metal carbides such as TiC and Mo₂C with small particle size and high specific surface area, which has better prospects for catalytic application.

A one-step electrochemical exfoliation method was appliled to electrolyze a graphite rod in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF₄]), and the exfoliation product was thermal-treated to obtain graphene/ionic liquid composite (GNs/[Bmim][BF₄]). Then, the composite was characterized by methods of infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The plenty porous structure which can facilitates the retention of the electrode structure and the transfer of charge during charge and discharge was found in the composite of GNs/[Bmim][BF₄]. When the composite was used in supercapacitor electrode, the performence was found to be superior to graphite. At 0.2 A/g current density, the specific capacitance can reach 221.32 F/g, and when the power density was 456.32 W/kg, the energy density was up to 83.51 (W·h)/kg.